Refrigerant-134a is being transported at 0.08 kg/s through a Teflon tube of inside diameter D = 20 mm and outside diameter Do = 25 mm, while atmospheric air at V = 28 m/s and 300 K is in cross flow over the tube. What is the heat transfer per unit length of tube, in W/m, to Refrigerant-134a at 230 K? q' = i W/m
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- Water at a flow rate of 0.215 kg/s is cooled from 70°C to 30°C by passing it through a thin-walled tube of diameter of 50 mm and maintaining a coolant at 15°C in cross flow over the tube. What is the required tube length if the coolant is air and its velocity is V = 20 m/s?Water : cp = 4181 J/kg⋅K, μ = 548 × 10-6 N⋅s/m2, k = 0.643 W/m⋅K, Pr = 3.56.Air : ν = 15.89 × 10-6 m2/s, k = 0.0263 W/m⋅K, Pr = 0.707.(Hint: For external flow use Churchill/Bernstein correlation.)Air flows inside a tube 60 mm in diameter (d) and 2.1 m long (l) at a velocity w = 5 m/sec. Find the heat-transfer coefficient α if the mean air temperature tf = 100oC. Note: Write your answer in space provided without the unit (the answer is in kcal/m2-hr-oC, one decimal places)Laminar flow occurs when the Reynolds number (Re*) is below 2000; turbulent flow occurs when the Reynolds number is above 2000. For the following species, determine the maximum value of the average 1D speed for which laminar flow will occur: a) Ne at 293 K where ?η is 313 ?μP and ?ρ = (PM)/(RT) through a 2.00 mm (id) pipe b) Liquid water at 293 K where ?η is 0.891 cP and ?ρ = 0.998 g/mL through a 2.00 mm (id) pipe *Re = (?ρ **d)/?η, where d is the diameter of the tube through which the fluid is flowing.
- 3.0 Consider two cases involving parallel flow of dry air at V=V= 1.5 m/s, T∞=T∞=45°C, and atmospheric pressure over an isothermal plate at Ts=Ts=20°C. In the first case, Rex,c=Rex,c=5 × 105, while in the second case the flow is tripped to a turbulent state at x=x=0 m. At what xx‐location, in m, are the thermal boundary layer thicknesses of the two cases equal? What are the local heat fluxes, in W/m2, at this location for the two cases?Q.3 A firm produces frozen fruits and vegetables, and a venturimeter is used in this process.In a certain step of the process, the cherries are introduced to the cold air stream at -12oC with a 3 in. pipe connected vertically to the throat of the venturimeter. Venturimeter is connected to a pipe 4 in. in diameter. If the air velocity in the throat is 5 times the terminal velocity of the cherries and the ratio of throat/pipe diameter is 0.6, what should be the flow rate of air? Assume that the density of cherries is 1200 kg/m3 and the average diameters are 12 mm. What should be the lay-out of the pipeline between venturimeter and freeze-dryer to prevent the striking of the cherries to the walls? Is there any settling possibility of the cherries at the exit of the venturimeter?Consider two cases involving the parallel flow of dry air at V= 1.5 m/s, T∞=45°C, and atmospheric pressure over an isothermal plate at Ts=20°C. In the first case, Rex,c=R5 × 105, while in the second case the flow is tripped to a turbulent state at x=0 m. At what x‐location, in m, are the thermal boundary layer thicknesses of the two cases equal? What are the local heat fluxes, in W/m2, at this location for the two cases?
- 1) Atmospheric air at 25oC and with a speed of 50 m/s is pumped by a fan over a flat plate. a)What is the minimum plate length in order to achieve a Reynolds number of 108 ? b)At what distance from the leading edge would transition occur if critical Re #= 5x105 ? 2) Local Nusselt number is given as Nux=0.04Rex0.9 Pr 1/3. Obtain an expression for, a) average heat transfer coefficient, x b) local heat transfer coefficient, hx c) What is the ratio of the average to local coefficient, x / hx 3) Air is in parallel flow over a flat heater surface which is to be maintained at 140oC. Airflow induces a drag force of 0.25 N on the heater. What is the electrical power needed to maintain the prescribed surface temperature? 4) Air at 1 atm with a velocity of 4 m/s and a temperature of 50oC flows over a flat plate that is at a uniform temperature of 100oC. The plate has a length of 0.20 m and a width of 0.1 m. a) What is the average heat…The exact expression for the local Nusselt number for laminar flow along a flat plate is given by: Nux=h(x)x/k=0.332Pr1/3Rex1/2. Atmospheric air at Tinf=400K with a velocity uinf=1.5m/s flows over a flat plate L=2m long maintained at a uniform temperature Tw=300K. Calculate the heat transfer rate from the airstream to the plate from x=0 to x=L=2m for w=0.5m. A. 234 W B. 334 W C. 434 W D. 134 WSAE 10 oil at 20° (ρ=869 kg/m³, μ=8.14 × 10-2 N•s/m²) flows in a 200 mm diameter pipe. Find the maximum velocity for which the flow will be laminar. (ANSWER must be = 0.937 m/s)
- Water at 27°C flows with a mean velocity of 1 m/s through a 1 km-long pipe of 0.25 m inside diameter. Answer the following: a. Is the flow hydrodynamically fully developed? Support your answer with calculations. b. Is the flow thermally fully developed? Support your answer with calculations. c. What is the pressure drop over the pipe length, if the pipe surface is smooth? (Ans: 0.289 Bar) d. What is the pump power requirement, if the pipe surface is smooth? (Ans: 1.42 kW)Q-2 ) ) A boiler house has natural draught chimney of 20 m height. Flue gases are at temperature of 380°C and ambient temperature is 27°C. Determine the draught in mm of water column for maximum discharge through chimney and also the air supplied per kg of fuel. Ans. [11.77 mm of water, 11.32 kg/kg of fuelHeat transfer Air flows through a smooth thin-walled rectangular duct of height, a= 0.3 m and width, b=1 m. The air is heated by the duct walls at a uniform heat flux of 250 W/m2 . At some location inside the duct, the mean velocity and temperature of air was measured to be um = 0.05 m/s and Tm = 350 K, respectively. (a) What is the hydraulic diameter of the duct? (b) What is the Reynolds number for the flow in the duct? (c) Is the flow laminar or turbulent? (d) Assuming fully developed flow, what is the heat transfer coefficient (h) at this location?