releases 3760 J of energy per spin and 547 J of work. Find the value of internal energy of each of the ff. given: . 2. 127 J of work is done by the system and 357 J of heat energy is absorbed by the surroundings.
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Find the value of heat, efficiency rate, work in 68 spin and power in 0.87 seconds if an engine releases 3760 J of energy per spin and 547 J of work.
Find the value of internal energy of each of the ff. given:
.
2. 127 J of work is done by the system and 357 J of heat energy is absorbed by
the surroundings.
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- Two moles of a monatomic ideal gas such as oxygen is compressed adiabatically and reversibly from a state (3 atm, 5 L) to a state with a pressure of 4 atm. (a) Find the volume and temperature of the final state. (b) Find the temperature of the initial state. (c) Find work done by the gas in the process. (d) Find the change in internal energy in the process. Assume Cv=5R and Cp=Cv+R for the diatomic ideal gas in the conditions given.In a diesel engine, the fuel is ignited without a spark plug. Instead, air in a cylinder is compressed adiabatically to a temperature above the ignition temperature of the fuel; at the point of maximum compression, the fuel is injected into the cylinder. Suppose that air at 20 C is taken into the cylinder at a volume V1 and then compressed adiabatically and quasi-statically to a temperature of 600 C and a volume V2 . If =1.4 , what is the ratio V1/V2 ? (Note: static. In an operating diesel engine, the compression is not quasi-Check your Understanding Show that QhQh=QcQc for the hypothetical engine of Figure 4.10 The second property to be demonstrated is that all reversible engines operating between the same two reservoirs have the same efficiency. To this, stat with the two engines D and E of Figure 4.10 (a), which are operating between two common heat reservoirs at temperatures Th and Tc . First, assume that D is a reversible engine and that E is a hypothetical irreversible engine that has a higher efficiency than D. If both engines perform the same amount of work W per cycle, it follows from Equation 4.2 that QhQh . It then follows from the first law that QcQc . Figure 4.10 (a) Two uncoupled engines D and E working between the same reservoirs. (b) The engines, With D working reverse. Suppose the cycle of D is so that it operates as a refrigerator, and the two engines are coupled such that the work output of E is used to drive D, as shown in Figure 4.10(b). Since QhQh and QcQc , the net result of each cycle is equivalent to a spontaneous transfer of heat from the cold reservoir to the hot reservoir, a process second law does not allow. The original assumption must therefore be wrong, and it is impossible to construct an irreversible engine such that E is more efficient than the reversible engine D. Now it is quite easy to demonstrate that the efficiencies of all reversible engines operating between the same reservoirs are equal. Suppose that D and E are reversible engines. If they are as shown in Figure 4.10(b), the efficiency of E cannot be greater than the efficiency of D, or second law would violated. If both engines are then reversed, the same reasoning implies that the efficiency of D cannot be greater than the efficiency of E. Combining these results leads to the conclusion that all reversible engines working between same two reservoirs have the same efficiency.
- The temperature of n moles of an ideal gas changes from T1 to T2 in a quasi-static adiabatic transition. Show that the work done by the gas is given by W=nR1(T1T2).Consider 0.40 mol of dilute carbon dioxide at a pressure of 0.50 atm and a volume of 50 L. What is the internal energy of the gas?A freezer sustains a cold environment of -26°C and exhausts its heat at 35°C. Assuming a Carnot cycle, how much work must be done to remove 281 kJ of heat from the cold environment? Express your answer to the nearest joule.
- Steam expands in a turbine steadily at a rate of40,000 kg/h, entering at 8 MPa and 500C and leaving at 40kPa as saturated vapor. If the power generated by the turbineis 8.2 MW, determine the rate of entropy generation for thisprocess. Assume the surrounding medium is at 25C.Cold water enters a counter-flow heat exchanger at 10°C at a rate of 8 kg/s, where it is heated by a hot-water stream that enters the heat exchanger at 70°C at a rate of 2 kg/s. Assuming the specific heat of water to remain constant at cp = 4.18 kJ/kg?K, determine the maximum heat transfer rate and the outlet temperatures of the cold- and the hot-water streams for this limiting case.A 500 W Carnot engine operates between constanttemperaturereservoirs at 100 C and 60.0 C.What is the rate at whichenergy is (a) taken in by the engine as heat and (b) exhausted by theengine as heat?
- An inventor claims to have built an engine that produces2.00 MW of usable work while taking in 3.00 MW of thermalenergy at 425 K, and rejecting 1.00 MW of thermal energyat 215 K. Is there anything fishy about his claim? Explain.By how much does the entropy of 1.0 kg of water change when heated from 263.15 K up to 283.15 K at a pressure of 1 bar? (The solution is 1.5 kJ/K)One ton of liquid water at 80C is brought into awell-insulated and well-sealed 4-m * 5-m * 7-m room initiallyat 22C and 100 kPa. Assuming constant specific heatsfor both air and water at room temperature, determine (a) thefinal equilibrium temperature in the room and (b) the totalentropy change during this process, in kJ/K.
