RESEARCH ARTICLE TITLE: "On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient" Full Article Reseach: Hermsen, R., Deris, J. B., & Hwa, T. (2012). On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(27), 10775–10780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117716109 QUESTION: 1. In biological/science manner, what are your comments on how the authors constructed their ARTICLE/RESEACH TITLE (see article).

RESEARCH ARTICLE TITLE: "On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient" Full Article Reseach: Hermsen, R., Deris, J. B., & Hwa, T. (2012). On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(27), 10775–10780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117716109 QUESTION: 1. In biological/science manner, what are your comments on how the authors constructed their ARTICLE/RESEACH TITLE (see article).

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter15: From Dna To Protein

Section15.1: The Connection Between Dna, Rna, And Protein

Problem 1SB

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"On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient" Full Article Reseach: Hermsen, R., Deris, J. B., & Hwa, T. (2012). On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(27), 10775–10780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117716109 QUESTION: (SEE ARTICLE) 1. In biological/science manner, what are your comments on how the authors presented their RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS (see article).
"On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient" Full Article Reseach: Hermsen, R., Deris, J. B., & Hwa, T. (2012). On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(27), 10775–10780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117716109 QUESTION: (SEE ARTICLE) 1. In biological/science manner, what are your comments on how the article/authors presented their INTRODUCTION (see article).
The journal article "On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient [See #1 for reference]" used the methods of "Mutational pathway determines whether drug gradients accelerate evolution of drug-resistant cells [See #2 for reference]". Reference used #1 : Hermsen, R., Deris, J. B., & Hwa, T. (2012). On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(27), 10775–10780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117716109 #2 : Greulich, P., Waclaw, B., & Allen, R. J. (2012). Mutational Pathway Determines Whether Drug Gradients Accelerate Evolution of Drug-Resistant Cells. Physical Review Letters, 109(8). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.0881 QUESTIONS: 1. Based on Biological and Science manner, what is your comment/feedback on how the research articles/author presented their used material and methods?
(74) Isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause disease only if they carry a lysogenic bacteriophage encoding diphtheria toxin. Which of the following mechanisms results in the acquisition of this virulence factor? (A) Frame Shift Mutation (B) Reassortment (C) Transduction (D) Transformation (E) Transposon-induced mutation
Results from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?
Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in E. coli by using interrupted conjugation . In one experiment, they mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB-531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survivedand were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the accompanying graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and indicate the minimum distances between them.
What is c3435T mutataion,What is the clinical implication of c3435T mutation, what is the molecular characteristics of c3435T mutaion
A research group is studying a bacterium X that binds to mucosal cells in the lung and invades. Wildtype X has an LD50 value of 10 bacteria when administered to mice by inhalation. Using transposon mutagenesis, the researchers have isolated two mutants of X that they call Xmut1 and Xmut2, both of which have LD50 values of 105 when inhaled by mice. However, in tissue culture cells, Xmut1 can invade the cells just as well as wild-type X, while Xmut2 cannot. Provide a possible explanation for these results.
C. Anagnostopoulos and I. P. Crawford isolated and studied a series of mutations that affected several steps in the biosynthetic pathway leading to tryptophan in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis . Seven of the strains that they used in their study are listed here, along with the mutation found in each strain.Strain Mutation T3 T− 168 I− 168PT I− TI I− TII I− T8 A− H25 H− To map the genes for tryptophan synthesis, they carried out a series of transformation experiments on strains having different mutations and determined the percentage of recombinants among the transformed bacteria. Their results were as follows:(refer picture) On the basis of these two-point crosses, determine the order of the genes and the distances between them. Where more than one cross was completed for a pair of genes, average the recombination rates from the different crosses. Draw a map of the…
In what ways can you use aseptic technique principles in your daily life to preserve a healthy lifestyle, particularly in light of the CoVID-19 pandemic? Explain in four to five sentences.
Briefly discuss the following questions in 3 to 5 sentences. What is horizontal gene transfer? What are the three mechanisms for this to occur in bacteria? What are the components needed for the processes of transformation, conjugation, and transduction? How does each process occur? What genes are involved in each process? How do generalized and specialized transduction differ? What is the end result of each? What is recombination? What is the importance to bacteria & archaea? What are the two types of recombination? What are the details of each type? What components are needed for each type?
Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB‑312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB‑531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is represented by the red triangle. The distances between genes are not…