Screening and Imperfect Information Asymmetric information refers to a market where one side (either the buyer or the seller, but usually the buyer) has less information than the other side of the market. When there is asymmetric information in a market, markets are inefficient because the side with less information doesn't want to take the risk involved in buying (or selling) the good or service. One method of solving this problem is through screening. Screening is a strategy one uses when they don't have information. A screen can be any indicator that lets the screener know if the good or service is reliable and will meet the screener's wants.
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- information refers to a market where one side (either the buyer or theseller, but usually the buyer) has less information than the other side of themarket. When there is asymmetric information in a market, markets are inefficientbecause the side with less information doesn't want to take the risk involved inbuying (or selling) the good or service.One method of solving this problem is through screening. Screening is a strategyone uses when they don't have information. A screen can be any indicator thatlets the screener know if the good or service is reliable and will meet thescreener's wants.Offer an example of when you used screening to solve a lack ofinformation. What kind of screen did you use?• Was the screen effective? Were you happy with the result?Would this be d? Dan, age 19, may have trouble buying auto insurance at a low price because insurance companies a)operate in markets in which screening is inefficient. b)fear that he has private information that his deductible is too high. c)have private information that his signals are valid. d)have private information that he is a risky driver. e)fear that he has private information that he is a risky driver.Suppose there are two types of people, high risk (H) and low risk (L) with utility function U(c) = c0.5 Each has income (=consumption) of $100. The high risk people are 10% of the population and have a 75% chance of getting cancer in which case their income would be zero. The low risk people are the remainder of the population and have a 25% chance of getting cancer and hence zero income. The private insurance industry is perfectly competitive. (a) Suppose private insurers are able to distinguish the two types. What market price would emerge for each risk type? How much insurance would each type purchase?
- Suppose the equilibrium price for good quality used cars is $20,000. And the equilibrium price for poor quality used cars is $10,000. Assume a potential used car buyer has imperfect information as to the condition of any given used car. Assume this potential buyer believes the probability a given used car is good quality is .60 and the probability a given used car is low quality is .40. Assume the seller has perfect information on all cars in inventory. How does the informational imbalance result in adverse selection? a. The expectedprice offered by the buyer encourages the seller to sell a poor quality car. Hence only poor quality cars are sold, which harms sellers. b. The expected price offered by the buyer encourages the seller to sell a good quality car. Hence only good quality cars are sold, which harms buyers. c. The expected price offered by the buyer encourages the seller to sell a good quality car. Hence only good quality cars are sold, which harms sellers. d. The…Suppose the demand for anxiety medication prescriptions is given by P = 300 – Q. Suppose the marginal cost for a prescription of anxiety medicine is constant at $100 per prescription. a. What is the quantity demanded in the absence of any insurance coverage for anxiety medication? b. Now, suppose there is full insurance coverage for anxiety medication (i.e. no cost-sharing at all). What is the new quantity demanded? c. Finally, suppose insurance covers anxiety medication, but there is 20% coinsurance, meaning that individuals must pay 20% of the cost of anxiety medication out of pocket. What is the new quantity demanded? d. Under the insurance structure given in part (c), what is the deadweight loss associated with the presence of insurance coverage?"Information asymmetry is detrimental for decision-making in the marketplace and hence is a market failure." Provide an example to illustrate this. Then suggest a policy that is used to address this problem.
- Which is CORRECT about information asymmetry and adverse selection 1. Information asymmetry refers to the situation when buyers have more information on the product than the sellers. 2. Information asymmetry is the result of adverse selection. 3. In a used car market, if sellers with good cars are unwilling to sell at a large discount, then only bad cars will get sold. This suboptimal outcome is so-called “adverse selection”. 4. Due to information asymmetry, market investors interpret firm’s SEO announcement positively because they believe insiders consider the firm undervalued.Elena applies for private insurance and resents the number of questions asked on the application. She states that since the primary contribution of insurance companies is to pool the risk of many individuals, they should care less about the characteristics of any one applicant and more about increasing the number of the patients that they insure. Furthermore, she states, when she had insurance through her employer, she hardly had to answer any questions. Use economic reasoning to explain to Elena the insurance company's behaviorLet firms not have perfect information about the consumer's type; that is, they do not know if the consumer is a robust type or a frail type. Explain why a firm offering two insurance plans Omega1 and Omega3 is an equilibrium.
- V7 Consider a owner-manager problem in which πgross = 2e + ε [manager has control over e, ε are factors outside of manager’s control, ε~N(0,σ2 )] The owner pays the manager a salary of s out of the gross profits. Manager’s cost of effort = e2 /2. Manager has constant risk aversion utility function. σ 2 = 4 A = 1 a) What is the first-best outcome for manager utility, manager effort, and net profits of the owner? b) Now consider that the owner cannot observe manager effort and offers a salary tied to gross profits: s(πgross) = a + b πgross What is the second-best outcome for manager utility, manager effort, and net profits of the owner?Suppose the probability that Recall Scarlett is sued is .1 and her income is 1000. In the case, she is sued she will lose all of her income in the settlement. She may purchase malpractice insurance at a rate of $r per $1 of coverage. Finally assume that her utility of income is U($) = ($)^1/2. What is Scarlett’s demand curve for insurance (that is find her demand for insurance for all r ≥ .1)?Suppose a particular population has two kinds of health risks, high and low. Let the expected annual health care costs for the high risk be $10,000, and for the low risk, half that. If there are twice as many low risk as high risk individuals, and if the one insurer’s administrative load is 20%, what would the community rated premium be if everyone is compelled to and able to buy health insurance? Note: administrative load can be construed as the amount that the insurer has in costs to run the plans above and beyond the "health care costs."