College Physics 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
1 Introduction: The Nature Of Science And Physics 2 Kinematics 3 Two-dimensional Kinematics 4 Dynamics: Force And Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Further Applications Of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, And Elasticity 6 Uniform Circular Motion And Gravitation 7 Work, Energy, And Energy Resources 8 Linear Momentum And Collisions 9 Statics And Torque 10 Rotational Motion And Angular Momentum 11 Fluid Statics 12 Fluid Dynamics And Its Biological And Medical Applications 13 Temperature, Kinetic Theory, And The Gas Laws 14 Heat And Heat Transfer Methods 15 Thermodynamics 16 Oscillatory Motion And Waves 17 Physics Of Hearing 18 Electric Charge And Electric Field 19 Electric Potential And Electric Field 20 Electric Current, Resistance, And Ohm's Law 21 Circuits And Dc Instruments 22 Magnetism 23 Electromagnetic Induction, Ac Circuits, And Electrical Technologies 24 Electromagnetic Waves 25 Geometric Optics 26 Vision And Optical Instruments 27 Wave Optics 28 Special Relativity 29 Introduction To Quantum Physics 30 Atomic Physics 31 Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics 32 Medical Applications Of Nuclear Physics 33 Particle Physics 34 Frontiers Of Physics Chapter21: Circuits And Dc Instruments
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: A switch has a variable resistance that is nearly zero when closed and extremely large when open,... Problem 2CQ: What is the voltage across the open switch in Figure 21.43? Problem 3CQ: There is a voltage across an open switch, such as in Figure 21.43. Why, then, is the power... Problem 4CQ: Why is the power dissipated by a closed switch, such as in Figure 21.43, small? Problem 5CQ: A student in a physics lab mistakenly wired a light bulb, battery, and switch as shown in Figure... Problem 6CQ: Knowing that the severity of a shock depends on the magnitude of the current through your body,... Problem 7CQ: Would your headlights dim when you start your car's engine if the wires in your automobile were... Problem 8CQ: Some strings of holiday lights are wired in series to save wiring costs. An old version utilized... Problem 9CQ: If two household lightbulbs rated 60 W and 100 W are connected in series to household power, which... Problem 10CQ: Suppose you are doing a physics lab that asks you to put a resistor into a circuit, but all the... Problem 11CQ: Before World War II, some radios got power through a “resistance cord" that had a significant... Problem 12CQ: Some light bulbs have three power settings (not including zero), obtained from multiple filaments... Problem 13CQ: Is every emf a potential difference? Is every potential difference an emf? Explain. Problem 14CQ: Explain which battery is doing the charging and which is being charged in Figure 21.45. Problem 15CQ: Given a battery, an assortment of resistors, and a variety of voltage and current measuring devices,... Problem 16CQ: Two different 12-V automobile batteries on a store shelf are rated at 600 and 850 “cold cranking... Problem 17CQ: What are the advantages and disadvantages of connecting batteries in series? In parallel? Problem 18CQ: Semitractor trucks use four large 12-V batteries. The starter system requires 24 V, while normal... Problem 19CQ: Call all of the currents going into the junction in Figure 21.46 be positive? Explain. Problem 20CQ: Apply the junction rule to junction b in Figure 21.47. Is any new information gained by applying the... Problem 21CQ: (a) What is the potential difference going from point a to point b in Figure 21.47? (b) What is the... Problem 22CQ: Apply the loop rule to loop afedcba in Figure 21.47. Problem 23CQ: Apply the loop rule to loops abgefa and cbgedc in Figure 21.47. Problem 24CQ: Why should you not connect an ammeter directly across a voltage source as shown in Figure 21.48?... Problem 25CQ: Suppose you are using a multimeter (one designed to measure a range of voltages, currents, and... Problem 26CQ: Specify the points to which you could connect a voltmeter to measure the following potential... Problem 27CQ: To measure currents in Figure 21.49, you would replace a wire between two points with an ammeter.... Problem 28CQ: Why can a null measurement be more accurate than one using standard voltmeters and ammeters? What... Problem 29CQ: If a potentiometer is used to measure cell emfs on the order of a few volts, why is it most accurate... Problem 30CQ: Regarding the units involved in the relationship t = RC, verify that the units of resistance times... Problem 31CQ: The RC time constant in heart defibrillation is crucial to limiting the time the current flows. If... Problem 32CQ: When making an ECG measurement, it is important to measure voltage variations over small time... Problem 33CQ: Draw two graphs of charge versus time on a capacitor. Draw one for charging an initially uncharged... Problem 34CQ: When charging a capacitor, as discussed in conjunction with Figure 21.38, how long does it take for... Problem 35CQ: When discharging a capacitor, as discussed in conjunction with Figure 21.39, how long does it take... Problem 36CQ: Referring to Figure 21.38, draw a graph of potential difference across the resistor versus time,... Problem 37CQ: A long, inexpensive extension cord is connected from inside the house to a refrigerator outside. The... Problem 38CQ: In Figure 21.41. does the graph indicate the time constant is shorter for discharging than for... Problem 39CQ: An electronic apparatus may have large capacitors at high voltage in the power supply section,... Problem 1PE: (a) What is the resistance often 275-O resistors connected in series? (b) In parallel? Problem 2PE: (a) What is the resistance of a 1.00 102-O, a 2.50-k O, and a 4.00-kresistor connected in series?... Problem 3PE: What are the largest and smallest resistances you can obtain by connecting a 36.0-O, a 50.0-O, and a... Problem 4PE: An 1800-W toaster, a 1400-W electric frying pan, and a 75-W lamp are plugged into the same outlet in... Problem 5PE: Your car’s 30.0-W headlight and 2.40-kW starter are ordinarily connected in parallel in a 12.0-V... Problem 6PE: (a) Given a48.0-V battery and 24.0-O and 96.0-O resistors, find the current and power for each when... Problem 7PE: Referring to the example combining series and parallel circuits and Figure 21.6, calculate I3in the... Problem 8PE: Referring to Figure 21.6: (a) Calculate P3 and note how it this module. (b) Find the total power... Problem 9PE: Refer to Figure 21.7 and the discussion of lights dimming when a heavy appliance comes on. (a) Given... Problem 10PE: A 240-kV power transmission line carrying 5.00x102. A is hung from grounded metal towers by ceramic... Problem 11PE: Show that if two resistors R1and R2are combined and one is much greater than the other (R 1 >>R 2 ):... Problem 12PE: Unreasonable Results Two resistors, one having a resistance of 145 , are connected in parallel to... Problem 13PE: Unreasonable Results Two resistors, one having a resistance of 900 k, are connected in series to... Problem 14PE: Standard automobile batteries have six lead-acid cells in series, creating a total emf of 12.0 V.... Problem 15PE: Car bon-zinc dry cells (sometimes referred to as non- alkaline cells) have an emf of 1.54 V, and... Problem 16PE: What is the output voltage of a 3.0000-V lithium cell in a digital wristwatch that draws 0.300 mA,... Problem 17PE: (a) What is the terminal voltage of a large 1.54-V carbon-zinc dry cell used in a physics lab to... Problem 18PE: What is the internal resistance of an automobile battery that has an emf of 12.0 V and a terminal... Problem 19PE: (a) Find the terminal voltage of a 12.0-V motorcycle battery having a 0.600- internal resistance,... Problem 20PE: A car battery with a 12-V emf and an internal resistance of 0.050 is being charged with a current... Problem 21PE: The hot resistance of a flashlight bulb is 2.30 , and it is run by a 1.58-V alkaline cell having a... Problem 22PE: The label or a portable radio recommends the use of rechargeable nickel-cadmium cells (nicads),... Problem 23PE: An automobile starter motor has an equivalent resistance of 0.0500 and is supplied by a 12.0-V... Problem 24PE: A child’s electronic toy is supplied by three 1.58-V alkaline cells having internal resistances of... Problem 25PE: (a) What is the internal resistance of a voltage source if its terminal voltage drops by 2.00 V when... Problem 26PE: A person with body resistance between his hands of 1.00 k accidentally grasps the terminals of a... Problem 27PE: Electric fish generate current with biological cells called electroplaques, which are physiological... Problem 28PE: Integrated Concepts A 12.0-V emf automobile battery has a terminal voltage of 16.0 V when being... Problem 29PE: Unreasonable Results A 1.58-V alkaline cell with a 0.200- internal resistance is supplying 8.50 A... Problem 30PE: Unreasonable Results (a) What is the internal resistance of a 1.54-V dry cell that supplies 1.00 W... Problem 31PE: Apply the loop rule to loop abcdefgha in Figure 21.25 Problem 32PE: Apply the loop rule to loop aedcba in Figure 21.25. Problem 33PE: Verify the second equation in Example 21.5 by substituting the values found for the currents I1 and... Problem 34PE: Verify the third equation in Example 21.5 by substituting the values found for the currents I1 and... Problem 35PE: Apply the junction rule at point a in Figure 21.52. Problem 36PE: Apply the loop rule to loop abcdefghija in Figure 21.52. Problem 37PE: Apply the loop rule to loop akledcba in Figure 21.52. Problem 38PE: Find the currents flowing in the circuit in Figure 21.52. Explicitly show how you follow the steps... Problem 39PE: Solve Example 21.5, but use loop abcdefgha instead of loop akledcba. Explicitly show how you follow... Problem 40PE: Find the currents flowing in the circuit in Figure 21.47. Problem 41PE: Unreasonable Results Consider the circuit in Figure 21.53, and suppose that the emfs are unknown and... Problem 42PE: What is the sensitivity of the galvanometer (that is, what current gives a full-scale deflection)... Problem 43PE: What is the sensitivity of the galvanometer (that is, what current gives a full-scale deflection)... Problem 44PE: Find the resistance that must be placed in series with a 25.0-galvanometer having a 50.0-A... Problem 45PE: Find the resistance that must be placed in series with a 25.0- galvanometer having a 50.0-A... Problem 46PE: Find the resistance that must be placed in series with a 25.0- galvanometer having a 50.0-A... Problem 47PE: Find the resistance that must be placed in paralled with a 25.0- galvanometer having a 50.0A... Problem 48PE: Find the resistance that must be placed in series with a 10.0- galvanometer having a 100A... Problem 49PE: Find the resistance that must be placed in parallel with a 10.0 galvanometer having a 100A... Problem 50PE: Suppose you measure the terminal voltage of a 1.585-V alkaline cell having an internal resistance of... Problem 51PE: Suppose you measure the terminal voltage of a 3.2G0-V lithium cell having an internal resistance of... Problem 52PE: A certain ammeter has a resistance of 5.00X10-5 an its 3.00-A scale and contains a 10.0- ... Problem 53PE: A 1,00-?O voltmeter is placed in parallel with a 75.0kresistor in a circuit, (a) Draw a circuit... Problem 54PE: A 0.0200- ammeter is placed in series with a 10.00- resistor in a circuit, (a) Draw a circuit... Problem 55PE: Unreasonable Results Suppose you have a 40.0- galvanometer with a 25.0-A sensitivity, (a) What... Problem 56PE: Unreasonable Results (a) What resistance would you put in parallel with a 40.0- galvanometer having... Problem 57PE: What is the emf x of a cell being measured in a potentiometer if the standard cell’s emf is 12.0 V... Problem 58PE: Calculate the emfx of a dry cell for which a potentiometer is balanced when Rx= 1,200 , while an... Problem 59PE: When an unknown resistance Rxis placed in a Wheatstone bridge, it is possible to balance the bridge... Problem 60PE: To what value must you adjust R3to balance a Wheatstone bridge, if the unknown resistance Rxis 100 ... Problem 61PE: (a) What is the unknown emfx in a potentiometer that balances when Rxis 10.0 O, and balances when... Problem 62PE: Suppose you want to measure resistances in the range from 10,0 to 10.0 k using a Wheatstone bridge... Problem 63PE: The timing device in an automobile’s intermittent wiper system is based on an RC time constant and... Problem 64PE: A heart pacemaker fires 72 times a minute, each time a 25.0 nF capacitor is charged (by a battery in... Problem 65PE: The duration of a photographic flash is related to an RC time constant, which is 0.100 s for a... Problem 66PE: A 2.00- and a 7.50-F capacitor can be connected in series or parallel, as can a 25.0- and a 100k... Problem 67PE: After two time constants, what percentage of the final voltage, emf, is on an initially uncharged... Problem 68PE: A 500- resistor, an uncharged 1.50-F capacitor and a 6.16-V emf are connected in series, (a) What is... Problem 69PE: A heart defibrillator being used on a patient has an RC time constant of 10.0 ms due to the... Problem 70PE: An ECG monitor must have an RC time constant less than 1.00 102 to be able to measure variations in... Problem 71PE: Figure 21.55 shows how a bleeder resistor is used to discharge a capacitor after an electronic... Problem 72PE: Using the exact exponential treatment, find how much time is required to discharge a 250-? capacitor... Problem 73PE: Using the exact exponential treatment, find how much time is required to charge an initially... Problem 74PE: Integrated Concepts If you wish to take a picture of a bullet traveling at 500 m/s, then a very... Problem 75PE: Integrated Concepts A flashing lamp in a Christmas earring is based on an RC discharge of a... Problem 76PE: Integrated Concepts A 160F capacitor charged to 450 V is discharged through a 31.2-k resistor. (a)... Problem 77PE: Unreasonable Results (a) Calculate the capacitance needed to get an RC time constant of 1,00x103 s... Problem 78PE: Construct Your Own Problem Consider a camera's flash unit. Construct a problem in which you... Problem 79PE: Construe! Your Own Problem Consider a rechargeable lithium cell that is to be used to power a... Problem 37CQ: A long, inexpensive extension cord is connected from inside the house to a refrigerator outside. The...
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Concept explainers
See the attached picture. To give a glass window a red hue, a thin polymer (n = 1.6) coating is applied to the glass (n = 1.4). What is the minimum thickness of the coating required to produce this effect? Take the wavelength of red light to be 650 nm and answer with 3 significant digits.
The minimum thickness of the coating is how many nanometers (nm)?
Thank you.
Transcribed Image Text: n=1.0
n=1.6
n=1.4
Definition Definition Large and very high-molecular-weight substances that consist of hundreds to thousands of repeating units. Polymers are also known as macromolecules. Number-average-molecular weight is the measuring system for the polymers.
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