Select true or false for each answer. small populations [ Choose ] are more likely to go extinct do to unforeseen (stochastic) events small populations [ Choose ] are more likely to lose genetic diversity small populations [ Choose ] are more susceptible to inbreeding depression small populations [ Choose ] are not growing very quickly so you would have low fishing yields

Select true or false for each answer. small populations [ Choose ] are more likely to go extinct do to unforeseen (stochastic) events small populations [ Choose ] are more likely to lose genetic diversity small populations [ Choose ] are more susceptible to inbreeding depression small populations [ Choose ] are not growing very quickly so you would have low fishing yields

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter12: Processes Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5SQ

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Pikas are small mammals that live at high elevations on the talus slopesof mountains. Most populations located on mountaintops in Coloradoand Montana in North America are isolated from one another: the pikasdon’t occupy the low-elevation habitats that separate the mountaintopsand don’t venture far from the talus slopes. Thus, there is little gene flowbetween populations. Furthermore, each population is small in size andwas founded by a small number of pikas.A group of population geneticists proposes to study the amount ofgenetic variation in a series of pika populations and to compare theallelic frequencies in different populations. On the basis of the biologyand distribution of pikas, predict what the population geneticists willfind concerning the within- and between-population genetic variation.
A large, random mating population is started with thefollowing proportion of individuals for the indicatedblood types:0.5 MM0.2 MN0.3 NNThis blood type gene is autosomal, and the M and Nalleles are codominant.a. Is this population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?b. What will be the allele and genotype frequenciesafter one generation under the conditions assumedfor Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?c. What will be the allele and genotype frequenciesafter two generations under the conditions assumedfor Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Two hypothetical lizard populations found on opposite sides of a mountain in the Arizonan desert havetwo alleles (AF, AS) of a single gene A with the following three genotype frequencies:AFAF AFAS ASASPopulation 1 38 44 18Population 2 0 80 20a. What is the allele frequency of AFin the twopopulations?b. Do either of the two populations appear to be atHardy-Weinberg equilibrium?c. A huge flood opened a canyon in the mountainrange separating populations 1 and 2. They werethen able to migrate such that the two populations, which were of equal size, mixed completelyand mated at random. What are the frequenciesof the three genotypes (AFAF, AFAS, and ASAS) inthe next generation of the single new populationof lizards?
Inbreeding in a population causes a deviation fromHardy–Weinberg expectations such that there aremore homozygotes than expected. For a locus with arare deleterious allele at a frequency of 0.04, whatwould be the frequency of homozygotes for the deleterious allele in populations with inbreeding coefficientsof F = 0.0 and F = 0.125?
The human MN blood type is determined by two codominant alleles, LMand LN. The frequency of LM in Eskimos on a small Arctic island is0.80.a. If random mating takes place in this population, what are the expectedfrequencies of the M, MN, and N blood types on the island?b. If the inbreeding coefficient for this population is 0.05, what are theexpected frequencies of the M, MN, and N blood types on the island?
In a certain population of frogs, 120 are green, 60 arebrownish green, and 20 are brown. The allele forbrown is denoted GB, while that for green is GG, andthese two alleles are incompletely dominant.a. What are the genotype frequencies in thepopulation?b. What are the allele frequencies of GBand GG inthis population?c. What are the expected frequencies of the genotypes if the population is at Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium?
I. A population called the founder generation, consisting of 2000 AA individuals, 2000 Aa individuals, and 6000 aa individuals is established on a remote island. Mating within this population occurs at random, the three genotypes are selectively neutral, and mutations occur at a negligible rate. *help needed for sub questions d-f. a. What are the frequencies of alleles A and a in thefounder generation?b. Is the founder generation at Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium?c. What is the frequency of the A allele in the secondgeneration (that is, the generation subsequent to thefounder generation)?d. What are the frequencies for the AA, Aa, and aagenotypes in the second generation?e. Is the second generation at Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium?f. What are the frequencies for the AA, Aa, and aagenotypes in the third generation?
Three basic predictions underlie genetic drift in populations: (1) As long as the population size is finite,some level of genetic drift will occur; thus, withoutnew mutations, all variation will drift either to fixationor to loss. (2) Drift happens faster in small populationsthan in large populations. (3) The probability that anallele is fixed (goes to a frequency of 1.0) is equal toits initial frequency (p) in the population, while itsprobability of loss from the population due to drift isequal to 1 − p. Given these three predictions:a. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 100,000?b. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 10?c. In which population does the new mutation have ahigher probability of going to fixation by chancewith genetic drift?
A farmer is raising rabbits. The average body weight in his population ofrabbits is 3 kg. The farmer selects the 10 largest rabbits in his population,whose average body weight is 4 kg, and interbreeds them. If the narrowsenseheritability of body weight in the rabbit population is 0.7, what is theexpected body weight among the offspring of the selected rabbits?
The evolution of a qualitative trait in reponse to natural selection is described by the following equation, R=h2 S a) What is S and what does it measure? b) Describe a study that woukd allow you to estimate S in a real population.
In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 37% of the individuals exhibit the recessive trait (ss). a) What is the frequency of the dominant allele (S) in the population? b) What percent of the population possesses the dominant allele (S)?
Small population size causes genetic drift because ofchance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next. We can predict how much geneticdrift occurs for a given population size using binomialsampling statistics. With a population of size N, wecan estimate that 95% of the time the allele frequency(p) in the next generation will be withinthe confidence interval of p ± 1.96 (√p(1 − p)2N ),where p(1 − p)2Nis an estimate of the statistical variancein allele frequencies from one generation to the nextwith random sampling of 2N alleles each generation. a. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 100,000?b. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 10?c. How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related tothe consequences of a population bottleneck?