Small population size causes genetic drift because ofchance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next. We can predict how much geneticdrift occurs for a given population size using binomialsampling statistics. With a population of size N, wecan estimate that 95% of the time the allele frequency(p) in the next generation will be withinthe confidence interval of p ± 1.96 (√p(1 − p)2N ),where p(1 − p)2Nis an estimate of the statistical variancein allele frequencies from one generation to the nextwith random sampling of 2N alleles each generation. a. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 100,000?b. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 10?c. How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related tothe consequences of a population bottleneck?
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
Small
chance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next. We can predict how much genetic
drift occurs for a given population
sampling
can estimate that 95% of the time the allele frequency
(p) in the next generation will be within
the confidence interval of p ± 1.96 (√
p(1 − p)
2N ),
where p(1 − p)
2N
is an estimate of the statistical variance
in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
with random sampling of 2N alleles each generation. a. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 when
N = 100,000?
b. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 when
N = 10?
c. How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related to
the consequences of a population bottleneck?
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Genetic drift occurs due to small population size. This is because of chance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next generation.
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