Separation Operation Symbol Initial or Feed Phase Separating Agent Industrial Example Osmosis (1) Liquid Nonporous membrane Reverse osmosis* (2) Liquid Nonporous membrane with pressure gradient Desalinization of sea water Dialysis* (3) Liquid Porous membrane with Recovery of caustic from pressure gradient hemicellulose Microfiltration* (4) Removal of bacteria from Microporous membrane with pressure gradient Liquid drinking water Ultrafiltration (5) Liquid Microporous membrane with Separation of whey from pressure gradient cheese Pervaporation" (6) Liquid Nonporous membrane with Separation of azeotropic pressure gradient mixtures Gas pemeation (7) Nonporous membrane with pressure gradient Vapor Hydrogen enrichment VIL Liquid membrane with pressure gradient Liquid membrane (8) V/L Vapor and/or liquid Removal of hydrogen sulfide V/L

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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Nitrogen is removed from a gas mixture with methane by gas permeation  using a glassy polymer membrane that is selective for nitrogen. However, the desired degree of separation cannot be achieved in one stage. Draw sketches of two different two-stage membrane cascades that might be used.

Separation Operation
Symbol
Initial or Feed Phase
Separating Agent
Industrial Example
Osmosis (1)
Liquid
Nonporous membrane
Reverse osmosis* (2)
Liquid
Nonporous membrane with
pressure gradient
Desalinization of sea water
Dialysis* (3)
Liquid
Porous membrane with
Recovery of caustic from
pressure gradient
hemicellulose
Microfiltration* (4)
Removal of bacteria from
Microporous membrane with
pressure gradient
Liquid
drinking water
Ultrafiltration (5)
Liquid
Microporous membrane with
Separation of whey from
pressure gradient
cheese
Pervaporation" (6)
Liquid
Nonporous membrane with
Separation of azeotropic
pressure gradient
mixtures
Gas pemeation (7)
Nonporous membrane with
pressure gradient
Vapor
Hydrogen enrichment
VIL
Liquid membrane with
pressure gradient
Liquid membrane (8)
V/L
Vapor and/or liquid
Removal of hydrogen sulfide
V/L
Transcribed Image Text:Separation Operation Symbol Initial or Feed Phase Separating Agent Industrial Example Osmosis (1) Liquid Nonporous membrane Reverse osmosis* (2) Liquid Nonporous membrane with pressure gradient Desalinization of sea water Dialysis* (3) Liquid Porous membrane with Recovery of caustic from pressure gradient hemicellulose Microfiltration* (4) Removal of bacteria from Microporous membrane with pressure gradient Liquid drinking water Ultrafiltration (5) Liquid Microporous membrane with Separation of whey from pressure gradient cheese Pervaporation" (6) Liquid Nonporous membrane with Separation of azeotropic pressure gradient mixtures Gas pemeation (7) Nonporous membrane with pressure gradient Vapor Hydrogen enrichment VIL Liquid membrane with pressure gradient Liquid membrane (8) V/L Vapor and/or liquid Removal of hydrogen sulfide V/L
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