Simon Company's year-end balance sheets follow. At December 31 Current Year 1 Year Ago 2 Years Ago Assets Cash $ 32,700 $ 37,849 $ 37,130 Accounts receivable, net 94,775 65,580 51,527 Merchandise inventory 120,330 86,659 53,800 Prepaid expenses 10,118 10,034 4,252 Plant assets, net 285,450 268,303 235,991 Total assets $ 543,373 $ 468,425 $ 382,700 Liabilities and Equity Accounts payable $ 138,006 $ 78,372 $ 51,022 Long-term notes payable 100,111 107,738 83,731 Common stock, $10 par value 163,500 163,500 162,500 Retained earnings 141,756 118,815 85,447 Total liabilities and equity $ 543,373 $ 468,425 $ 382,700 For both the current year and one year ago, compute the following ratios: 1. Express the balance sheets in common-size percents. 2. Assuming annual sales have not changed in the last three years, is the change in accounts receivable as a percentage of total assets favorable or unfavorable? 3. Assuming annual sales have not changed in the last three years, is the change in merchandise inventory as a percentage of total assets favorable or unfavorable?
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
Simon Company's year-end balance sheets follow.
| At December 31 | Current Year | 1 Year Ago | 2 Years Ago |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | |||
| Cash | $ 32,700 | $ 37,849 | $ 37,130 |
| 94,775 | 65,580 | 51,527 | |
| Merchandise inventory | 120,330 | 86,659 | 53,800 |
| Prepaid expenses | 10,118 | 10,034 | 4,252 |
| Plant assets, net | 285,450 | 268,303 | 235,991 |
| Total assets | $ 543,373 | $ 468,425 | $ 382,700 |
| Liabilities and Equity | |||
| Accounts payable | $ 138,006 | $ 78,372 | $ 51,022 |
| Long-term notes payable | 100,111 | 107,738 | 83,731 |
| Common stock, $10 par value | 163,500 | 163,500 | 162,500 |
| 141,756 | 118,815 | 85,447 | |
| Total liabilities and equity | $ 543,373 | $ 468,425 | $ 382,700 |
For both the current year and one year ago, compute the following ratios:
1. Express the balance sheets in common-size percents.
2. Assuming annual sales have not changed in the last three years, is the change in accounts receivable as a percentage of total assets favorable or unfavorable?
3. Assuming annual sales have not changed in the last three years, is the change in merchandise inventory as a percentage of total assets favorable or unfavorable?
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