Standard Reduction Potentials The standard reduction potential, E'º, of any redox couple is defined for the half- cell reaction: Oxidant + n electrons → Reducer The E'º values for the NAD*/NADH and acetoacetate/ß-hydroxybutyrate conjugate redox couples are -0.32 V and -0.35 V, respectively. 1- Which of the NAD*/NADH or the acetoacetate/ß-hydroxybutyrate redox couple contains the strongest reducer (i.e. the form the most susceptible to donate its electrons)? which couple contains contains the strongest oxidant (i.e. the form the most susceptible to accept electrons)? Explain.

Standard Reduction Potentials The standard reduction potential, E'º, of any redox couple is defined for the half- cell reaction: Oxidant + n electrons → Reducer The E'º values for the NAD/NADH and acetoacetate/ß-hydroxybutyrate conjugate redox couples are -0.32 V and -0.35 V, respectively. 1- Which of the NAD/NADH or the acetoacetate/ß-hydroxybutyrate redox couple contains the strongest reducer (i.e. the form the most susceptible to donate its electrons)? which couple contains contains the strongest oxidant (i.e. the form the most susceptible to accept electrons)? Explain.

Chemical Principles in the Laboratory

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305264434

Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert Rossi

Publisher:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert Rossi

Chapter32: Voltaic Cell Measurements

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ASA

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The saturated calomel electrode. abbreviated SCE. is often used as a reference electrode in making electrochemica1 measurements. The SCE is composed of mercury in contact with a saturated solution of calomel (Hg2Cl2). The electrolyte solution is saturated KCI. is +0.242 V relative to the standard hydrogen electrode. Calculate the potential for each of the following galvanic cells containing a saturated calomel electrode and the given half-cell components at standard conditions. In each case. indicate whether the SCE is the cathode or the anode. Standard reduction potentials are found in Table 17.1. a. Cu2++2eCu b. Fe3++e-Fe2+ c. AgCl+e-Ag+Cl- d. Al3++3eAl e. Ni2++2eNi
An aqueous solution of an unknown salt of gold is electrolyzed by a current of 2.75 amps for 3.39 hours. The electroplating is carried out with an efficiency of 93.0%, resulting in a deposit of 21.221 g of gold. a How many faradays are required to deposit the gold? b What is the charge on the gold ions (based on your calculations)?
Consider a voltaic cell in which the following reaction occurs. Zn(s)+Sn2+(aq)Zn2+(aq)+Sn(s) (a) Calculate E° for the cell. (b) When the cell operates, what happens to the concentration of Zn2+? The concentration of Sn2+? (c) When the cell voltage drops to zero, what is the ratio of the concentration of Zn2+ to that of Sn2+? (d) If the concentration of both cations is 1.0 M originally, what are the concentrations when the voltage drops to zero?
Consider a voltaic cell in which the following reaction takes place in basic medium at 25°C. 2NO3-(aq)+3S2(aq)+4H2O3S(s)+2NO(g)+8OH(aq) (a) Calculate E°. (b) Write the Nernst equation for the cell E. (c) Calculate E under the following conditions: PNO=0.994atm,ph=13.7,[S2]=0.154M,[NO3-]=0.472M, .
In biological systems, acetate ion is converted to ethyl alcohol in a two-step process: CH3COO(aq)+3H+(aq)+2eCH3CHO(aq)+H2OE=0.581V CH3CHO(aq)+2H+(aq)+2eC2H5OH(aq)E=0.197V (E°' is the standard reduction voltage at 25°C and pH of 7.00.) (a) Calculate G°' for each step and for the overall conversion. (b) Calculate E°' for the overall conversion.
Consider a galvanic cell based on the following half-reactions: a. What is the expected cell potential with all components in their standard states? b. What is the oxidizing agent in the overall cell reaction? c. What substances make up the anode compartment? d. In the standard cell, in which direction do the electrons flow? e. How many electrons are transferred per unit of cell reaction? f. If this cell is set up at 25C with [Fe2+] = 2.00 104 M and [La3+] = 3.00 103 M, what is the expected cell potential?
Determine the standard cell potential and the cell potential under the stated conditions for the electrochemical reactions described here. State whether each is spontaneous or nonspontaueous under each set of conditions at 293.15 K. (a) Hg(l)+S2(aq,0.10M)+2Ag+(aq,0.25M)2Ag(s)+HgS(s) (b) The galvanic cell made from a half-cell consisting of an aluminum electrode in 0.015 M aluminum nitrate solution and a half—cell consisting of a nickel electrode in 025 M nickel(l) nitrate solution. (c) The cell made of a half-cell in which 1.0 M aqueous bromide is oxidized to 0.11 M bromine ion and a half-cell in which aluminum ion at 0.023 M is reduced to aluminum metal. Assume the standard reduction potential for Br2(l) is the same as that of Br2(aq).
For each of the reactions, calculate E from the table of standard potentials, and state whether the reaction is spontaneous as written or spontaneous in the reverse direction under standard conditions. (a) Zn(s)+Fe2+(aq)Zn2+(aq)+Fe(s) (b) AgCl(s)+Fe2+(aq)Ag(s)+Fe3+(aq)+Cl(aq) (c) Br2(l)+2Cl(aq)Cl2(g)+2Br(aq)
The equation G = nF also can be applied to half-reactions. Use standard reduction potentials to estimate Gf for Fe2+ (aq) and Fe3+ (aq). Gf for e= 0.)
Consider only the species (at standard conditions) Na+, Cl, Ag+, Ag, Zn2+, Zn, Pb in answering the following questions. Give reasons for your answers. (Use data from Table 17-1.) a. Which is the strongest oxidizing agent? b. Which is the strongest reducing agent? c. Which species can be oxidized by SO42 (aq) in acid? d. Which species can be reduced by Al(s)?