Starting from any point in the Phillips curve shown in Figure 12.5, an unexpected decrease in oil prices will move the economy from point A c to point b. c to point a. C a to point b. D b to point c. Not enough information is given. Figure 12.5: Phillips Curve PC, B.
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- Using the Frieman-Phelps expectations-augmented Phillips curve, if actual and expected inflationare equal to each other, thenA)workers are correctly forecasting inflation and the economy is in long run equilibriumB)the policymaker needs to pursue expansionary policy to create more output.C)in the long run workers will adjust their expectations, resulting in a business cycle in the longrun.D)the economy is in an expansion above the natural rate of output.Consider the expectations adjusted Phillips’s curve and assume that expected inflation is given by πet = πt-1. Suppose that unemployment is initially equal to the natural rate and that π=10%. The central bank decides that inflation is too high and that, starting in year t, it will maintain the unemployment rate 1% point above the natural rate until the inflation rate has decreased to 2%. (a) What is the sacrifice ratio in this economy [Hint: the sacrifice ratio is the percentage of a year’s excess unemployment needed to reduce inflation by 1%. For a Philips curve given as πet − πt −1 = −α (ut − un ), the sacrifice ratio is 1/α]? (b) Compute the rate of inflation for year t, t+1, t+2, t+3, …, t+8. (c) For how many years must the central bank keep the unemployment rate above the natural rate of unemployment? Is the implied sacrifice ratio consistent with your answer to (a)?Consider the expectations augmented Phillips curve model. Suppose that we are starting from long - runequilibrium with a central bank which cares a lot about unemployment and relatively little about inflation.a) Draw and carefully label the graph of this situation. b) Explain where the Phillips curve comes from inthis model. c) Explain why the equilibrium you specify is the only Nash equilibrium. d) Now suppose that anew central bank governor is appointed who cares a lot about inflation and relatively little aboutunemployment. Redraw your graph twice, once showing what happens if private agents know the newgovernor's preferences and again showing what happens if private agents mistakenly believe that thenew governor has the same preferences as the old governor. Explain clearly why the outcome is differentin the two cases.
- Suppose that an economy has a phillips curve π=π₋₁ -0.5(u-0.08) a) what is the natural rate of unemployement? b) how much cyclical unemployment is necessary to reduce inflation by 5% points? using okun's Law, compute the sacrifice ratio. c) inflation is runnuing 10%. the fed wants to reduce it to 5%. give two scenarios that will achieve that goal.A. What assumptions did Thomas Sargent make when he claimed that inflation is always and everywhere a fiscal phenomenon?" B. Why is it appropriate in the book's short-term model for the author to use the Phillips Curve as an Aggregate Supply curve? Does it capture the working of the labor market as well as an AS curve based, say, on sticky wages? C. Provide an example of the book's short-run model being based on "microfoundations."The Philips curve in an economy is given by a = Επ- 0.5 (u - 6). Assume that the economy starts out at its natural unemployment rate and expected inflation Ex = 5.25%. If output decreases by 2%, using Okun's Law and the Phillips curve relation, what is actual inflation π ?
- a) Are the effects of an increase in aggregate demand in the AD-AS model consistent with the Phillips curve? Explain. b. Discuss the factors determining the slope of the short-run Phillips curve. Is the linear shape appropriate? Why or why not?“Households decide to save a larger share of their income will shift aggregatedemand curve upward because higher saving will boost investment which inturn increase the demand for investment goods.” Do you agree with thestatement? Explain your choice. e. Graphically derive short run Phillips curve with the help of aggregate demand and supply model.Assume that inflation falls significantly below expectations. Diagramboth the short-run and long-run effects on employment using a PhillipsCurve diagram. What changes in this model to allow the return to long-runequilibrium?
- Describe the Phillips curve (O.G., not modified/expectations) and drawa graph of the relationship. How good was this model with 1960’s data vswith data from 1970-2000’s? Explain.1) According to the Phillips Curve, as unemployment falls what happens to inflation? Why? 2) According to the Phillips Curve, as unemployment rises what happents to inflaiton? Why? 3) According to the Aggregate Supply/ Aggrgeate Demand model, if AD increases what happebs to Price Level GDP and Unemployment 4) Accroding to the AS/AD model, if AD decreases what happens to PL, GDP and unemployment? 5) According to the AS/AD model if AS decreases what happens to PL GDP and unemployment? 6) Based on your answer to #5 how would you show the decrease in AS on the Philips Curve?Suppose that an economy has the Phillips curvep=p-1 - O.S(u - 0.06),a) What is the natural rate of unemployment?b) Graph the short-run and long-run relationships between inflation and unemployment.c) How much cyclical unemployment is necessary to reduce inflation by S percentage points?d) Using Okun's law, compute the sacrifice ratio e.e)Inflation is running at 10 percent. The Fed wants to reduce it to 5 percent. Give Iwoscenarios that will achieve that goal.