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Suggested Study Questions: 1. What is a karyotype? 2. Explain why staining of chromosomes is important in karyotyping. 3. How can karyotyping be useful in determining a fetus's phenotype?

Suggested Study Questions: 1. What is a karyotype? 2. Explain why staining of chromosomes is important in karyotyping. 3. How can karyotyping be useful in determining a fetus's phenotype?

Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Chapter33: Plant Structure, Growth, And Development
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 10TYU: Cell differentiation occurs through _______________, whereas morphogenesis involves _______________....
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Suggested Study Questions: 1. What is a karyotype? 2. Explain why staining of chromosomes is important in karyotyping. 3. How can karyotyping be useful in determining a fetus's phenotype? 4. What are some of the limitations of karyotyping? 5. Define trisomy. Define monosomy. 6. Define non-disjunction. 7. In a species with a diploid number of 16, how many total chromosomes would be present in a diploid cell of an organism with a monosomy? 8. What is a Barr body? How many Barr bodies does a woman born with three X chromosomes have?
Transcribed Image Text:Suggested Study Questions: 1. What is a karyotype? 2. Explain why staining of chromosomes is important in karyotyping. 3. How can karyotyping be useful in determining a fetus's phenotype? 4. What are some of the limitations of karyotyping? 5. Define trisomy. Define monosomy. 6. Define non-disjunction. 7. In a species with a diploid number of 16, how many total chromosomes would be present in a diploid cell of an organism with a monosomy? 8. What is a Barr body? How many Barr bodies does a woman born with three X chromosomes have?
Time (hours) # of cells 1 2 64 10,000 30,000 80,000 170,000 106 0 ½ 4 6 10 19 32 110 Notes Egg is fertilized First cleavage Polarization Blastula Gastrula Neurula Somite formation Feeding tadpole a) How many cell divisions took place in the first 4 hours? i) 0 ii) 2 iv) 6 iii) 4 b) How many cells exist after 12 cycles (12 cell divisions)? i) 2 ii) 64 iii) 4096 iv) 10,000 c) Using your graph, which of the seven time intervals has the most rapid rate of cell division (increase in the number of cells in a time interval? [HINT: On the graph, the rate is higher if the slope is steeper.] 0 to 12 hours ii) 4 to 6 hours v) 8 iii) 10 to 19 hours iv) 32 to 110 hours 3) In the human brain, an estimated average rate of 250,000 nerve cells are produced each minute during gestation and through 6 months after birth. a) How many nerve cells are in a healthy 6-month-old human brain? i) 1.62 x 108 nerve cells ii) 1.62 x 10¹¹ nerve cells iii) 1.62 x 10¹4 nerve cells 4) One of the earliest stages of fertilization that can be measured in a sea urchin egg is depolarization of the membrane around the egg. This occurs in 2 seconds. Egg and sperm nuclei fuse at around 1200 seconds and the first division of the zygote is at 5500 seconds. a) How many times longer does the process of nuclear fusion take than membrane depolarization? i) 2 times ii) 100 times iii) 600 times iv) 1200 times b) What is the maximum amount of time needed to synthesize a complete set of chromosomes in the sea urchin zygote prior to its first division? i) 2 seconds ii) 1198 seconds iii) 1200 seconds seconds iv) 4300 seconds v) 5500
Transcribed Image Text:Time (hours) # of cells 1 2 64 10,000 30,000 80,000 170,000 106 0 ½ 4 6 10 19 32 110 Notes Egg is fertilized First cleavage Polarization Blastula Gastrula Neurula Somite formation Feeding tadpole a) How many cell divisions took place in the first 4 hours? i) 0 ii) 2 iv) 6 iii) 4 b) How many cells exist after 12 cycles (12 cell divisions)? i) 2 ii) 64 iii) 4096 iv) 10,000 c) Using your graph, which of the seven time intervals has the most rapid rate of cell division (increase in the number of cells in a time interval? [HINT: On the graph, the rate is higher if the slope is steeper.] 0 to 12 hours ii) 4 to 6 hours v) 8 iii) 10 to 19 hours iv) 32 to 110 hours 3) In the human brain, an estimated average rate of 250,000 nerve cells are produced each minute during gestation and through 6 months after birth. a) How many nerve cells are in a healthy 6-month-old human brain? i) 1.62 x 108 nerve cells ii) 1.62 x 10¹¹ nerve cells iii) 1.62 x 10¹4 nerve cells 4) One of the earliest stages of fertilization that can be measured in a sea urchin egg is depolarization of the membrane around the egg. This occurs in 2 seconds. Egg and sperm nuclei fuse at around 1200 seconds and the first division of the zygote is at 5500 seconds. a) How many times longer does the process of nuclear fusion take than membrane depolarization? i) 2 times ii) 100 times iii) 600 times iv) 1200 times b) What is the maximum amount of time needed to synthesize a complete set of chromosomes in the sea urchin zygote prior to its first division? i) 2 seconds ii) 1198 seconds iii) 1200 seconds seconds iv) 4300 seconds v) 5500
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