Suppose demand conditions in industries X and Y are identical but that productivity increases by 5% in industry X and 2% in industry Y. If nominal wages rise by 3%, we should expect that unit labor costs will O increase by the same amount in both industries, in accord with the overall increase in the average wage. O increase in industry X and decrease in industry Y. O decrease in industry X and increase in industry Y. O increase in both industries, but more in industry X than industry Y.
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- Please no written by hand solutions Suppose that the markup of goods prices over marginal cost is 5%, and that the wage-setting equation is W= P(1-u), where u is the unemployment rate. a. What is the real wage, as determined by the price-setting equation? b. What is the natural rate of unemployment? c. Suppose that the markup of prices over costs increases to 10%. What happens to the natural rate of unemployment? Explain the intuition behind your answer.Let's assume that Enrique borrows $420,000 from the Bank of America and let's assume that the interest rate on this loan is fixed at 9%. If the current inflation is 6%, then the real interest rate in percentage is:Suppose a firm’s hourly marginal product of labor is given by MPN = A (200 – N) If A = 0.2 and the real wage rate is $10 per hour, how much labor will the firm want to hire? Suppose the real wage rate rises to $20 per hour. How much labor will the firm want to hire? With the real wage rate at $10 per hour, how much labor will the firm want to hire if A rises to 0.5?
- Suppose that a country experiences a reduction in productivity--that is, an adverse shock to the production function. (This example should sound familiar!)a. What happens to the labor demand curve?b. How would this change in productivity affect the labor market--that is, employment, unemployment, and real wages--if the labor market was always in equilibrium?c. How would this change in productivity affect the labor market if unions prevented real wages from falling?Assume that the real wage in an economy is held above equilibrium.a. Graphically illustrate how an increase in technology that raises the demand for labor willchange the number of unemployed workers. Be sure to label the axes and the quantities oflabor hired before and after the technological progress.b. Explain in words what happens to the number of unemployed as a result of this change.c. The number of unemployed falls from (L – L1) to (L – L2).Consider an economy that experiences an outflow of working age people and a decline in aggregatelabour supply as a result. Suppose the aggregate labour demand curve is not affected by this change.(a) Explain, with the aid of the labour-market-equilibrium diagram, how this will affect the equilibriumreal wage and the full-employment level of employment. (b) Explain, with the aid of three separate IS-LM-FE diagrams, how this will affect real output, realinterest rate and the general price level in three steps:(i) before the general price level adjusts;(ii) when the general price level is adjusting;(iii) after the price adjustment process is completed.Is the general price level increasing or decreasing during the price adjustment process? Explain theintuition of your answer with reference to the AD-AS framework.
- Assume that the real wage in an economy is held above equilibrium.a. Graphically illustrate how an increase in technology that raises the demand for labor willchange the number of unemployed workers. Be sure to label the axes and the quantities oflabor hired before and after the technological progress.b. Explain in words what happens to the number of unemployed as a result of this change.a. The number of unemployed falls from (L – L1) to (L – L2).Based on Okun's rule of thumb, if you forecast that the output gap will decline from -1% to -3%, the unemployment rate will: O rise by 0.5%. rise by 2%. O rise by 1%. fall by 1%.Suppose Friendly Airlines is considering signing a long-term contract with the union representing its pilots. Friendly Airlines and the union both agree that real wages should increase by 2%. Inflation is expected to be 3%, so they agree on a 5% nominal wage increase. Now, suppose inflation turns out to be higher than expected, coming in at 4%. This would______the union and ________Friendly Airlines because the real wage increase would now be ________ .
- Interest, inflation, and purchasing power Suppose Diamond is a fashionista and buys only denim jackets. Diamond deposits $4,000 into a savings account that pays an annual nominal interest rate of 5%. Assume this interest rate is fixed, and so it will not change over time. On the day she makes her deposit, suppose that a denim jacket has a price of $20.00. Initially, Diamond's $4,000 deposit has a purchasing power of #________ denim jackets. For each of the annual inflation rates given in the following table, first determine the new price of a denim jacket, assuming it rises at the rate of inflation. Then enter the corresponding purchasing power of Diamond's deposit after one year in the first row of the table for each inflation rate. Finally, enter the value for the real interest rate at each of the given inflation rates. Hint: Round your answers in the first row down to the nearest denim jacket. For example, if you find that the deposit will cover 20.7 denim jackets, you…(a) Explain the difference between the nominal wage and the real wage. Using a wage setting curve and aprice setting curve illustrate how the real wage determines the equilibrium level of employment in theeconomy. (b) On a new diagram use a wage setting curve and a price setting curve to illustrate the change to theequilibrium level of employment if there is a reduction in the degree of competition faced by firms. Clearlystate what will occur to the real wage and the level of unemployment. (c) Suppose the economy has low aggregate demand with high unemployment. Use a new wage setting curveand price setting curve diagram to explain how the economy could automatically adjust back to equilibrium.Would this occur in reality? Justify your answer.Assume that an economy's production function is Y=1,000L1/2,so that when the marginal product of capital is equated to the real wage the labor demand curve is L = 250,000(P/W)2. The labor supply curve is L = 31,250(W/P). The real wage that solves these equations is W/P = 2. Assume that the expected price level is 10, so that a nominal wage contract setting the wage at 20 is agreed to, making the expected real wage 2. If the price level turns out to be 10, 62,500 workers will be hired and output will be 250,000. If the actual price level turns out to be 20, what will the actual real wage be?b. According to the labor demand curve, how much labor will be demanded if the actual real wage is at the level given in part a?c. According to the production function, if the amount of labor given in part b is actually hired, how much will production be?