Suppose in 1978 there is a surprise recession expected to last until 1979 and in response the Bank of England lowers shorts and credibly announces they will remain at that level for the duration of the recession. Immediately following the announcement, the price rose by 1%. By how much did the bank lower shorts?
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Functions of the Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve System looks after the financial activities and operations of the banking system. It is the apex body that has complete control over the banking regulations. All the guidelines regarding the banking system, money supply, and formulation of the monetary policy come under the purview of the Federal Reserve System. The New York Fed also helps in drafting the monetary policy and supervising the financial system.
Elastic and Inelastic Markets
Measuring the change in percentage of an economic variable with respect to change in a different economic variable is known as elasticity. This change in percentage results in a change in price concerning changes in other factors. In simple terms, when one factor brings a change to another factor, it is called elasticity.
Suppose in 1978 there is a surprise recession expected to last until 1979 and in response the Bank of England lowers shorts and credibly announces they will remain at that level for the duration of the recession. Immediately following the announcement, the price rose by 1%. By how much did the bank lower shorts?
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- In late 1980, the U.S. Commerce Department released new data showing inflation was 15%. At the time, the prime rate of interest was 21%, a record high. However, many investors expected the new Reagan administration to be more effective in controlling inflation than the Carter administration had been. Moreover, many observers believed that the extremely high interest rates and generally tight credit, which resulted from the Federal Reserve System's attempts to curb the inflation rate, would lead to a recession, which, in turn, would lead to a decline in inflation and interest rates. Assume that at the beginning of 1981, the expected inflation rate for 1981 was 12%; for 1982, 9%; for 1983, 7%; and for 1984 and thereafter, 6% Assuming a real risk-free rate of 3% and a maturity risk premium that equals 0.1 x (t)%, where t is the number of years to maturity, estimate the interest rate in January 1981 on bonds that mature in 2 years. Round your answer to two decimal places.% Assuming a real…In late 1980, the U.S. Commerce Departmentreleased new data showing inflation was 15%. At the time, the prime rate of interestwas 21%, a record high. However, many investors expected the new Reagan administrationto be more effective in controlling inflation than the Carter administration hadbeen. Moreover, many observers believed that the extremely high interest rates andgenerally tight credit, which resulted from the Federal Reserve System’s attempts tocurb the inflation rate, would lead to a recession, which, in turn, would lead to a declinein inflation and interest rates. Assume that, at the beginning of 1981, the expected inflationrate for 1981 was 13%; for 1982, 9%; for 1983, 7%; and for 1984 and thereafter, 6%.a. What was the average expected inflation rate over the 5-year period 1981–1985? (Usethe arithmetic average.) b. Over the 5-year period, what average nominal interest rate would be expected to producea 2% real risk-free return on 5-year Treasury securities? Assume MRP =…INFLATION AND INTEREST RATES In late 1980, the U.S. Commerce Department released new data showing inflation was 15%. At the time, the prime rate of interest was 21%, a record high. However, many investors expected the new Reagan administration to be more effective in controlling inflation than the Carter administration had been. Moreover, many observers believed that the extremely high interest rates and generally tight credit, which resulted from the Federal Reserve System's attempts to curb the inflation rate, would lead to a recession, which, in turn, would lead to a decline in inflation and interest rates. Assume that at the beginning of 1981, the expected inflation rate for 1981 was 12%; for 1982, 9%; for 1983, 7%; and for 1984 and thereafter, 6%. What was the average expected inflation rate over the 5-year period 1981 - 1985? Round your answer to two decimal places. (Use the arithmetic average.)% Over the 5-year period, what average nominal interest rate would be expected to…
- UANG Financials is quite certain that interest rates are going to decrease next month. How should the bank manager adjust the bank’s maturity gap to increase its equity value when interest rates decrease ? Group of answer choices The bank should set its maturity gap to a positive position. In this case, as rates decrease, market value of assets will increase by less than the increase in market value of liabilities. The bank should set its maturity gap to a negative position. In this case, as rates decrease, market value of assets will decrease by less than the decrease in market value of liabilities. The bank should set its maturity gap to a negative position. In this case, as rates decrease, market value of assets will decrease by more than the decrease in market value of liabilities. The bank should set its maturity gap to a positive position. In this case, as rates decrease, market value of assets will increase by more than the increase in market value of…Along with the crash in the real estate and financial markets, 2008 also was a period of above average inflation. The inflation rate was 5.6% for the 12 months ending June 2008. At the same time, the yield of the US Treasury bond was at 4.53%. Did you notice that the real rate was negative? This means that an investment in a 30-year US Treasury Bond was not even yielding enough to cover the increase in prices. What was the real return on the 30-year T-bond during that time? Convert your answer to a percent but enter numbers only in your response.Find a country that has experienced more than two years of reported negative inflation in the last 10 years, can you suggest why this might have happened?
- Towards the end of 2009 the pound fell to a six month low of 1.0628 Euros. Figures released by the UK government suggested that demand was still low in the country. The pound was also under downward pressure because of the low value of the interest rate. A recent report suggested these would remain at their historic low of 0.5% until 2014. Business confidence in general remained frail and there was concern over when the UK economy would start to recover from its negative growth. There was huge excess capacity in the UK. In addition the government had a huge deficit which was expected to cause problems with cutbacks and tax increases in the future. Question: Analyze the possible effects on the UK economy of a fall in the value of the currency.1. Which of the following regarding inflation is true? (a) If CPI changes from 100 to 105 in a year and then changes from 105 to 100 in the following year, then the initial rate of price increase is greater than the following rate of price decrease. (b) If CPI doubles in one year and then remains at that high level for five years, it means that the country suffers high inflation for five years. (c) If CPI is cut by half in one year, it means that the deflation rate of that year is 0.5%. ( d) Increasing CPI means that money is getting more and more valuable. (e) None of the above.For the first time since 2006, the Federal Reserve voted to raise interest rates by a one-quarter percentage point in December 2015. Prior to this increase, interest rates had remained between the 0.00% - 0.25% range, an area called “the zero lower bound.” The Federal Reserve had driven interest rates down that low as a means of helping the economy get back on its feet after the Financial Crisis. The reasoning was that consumers and businesses needed access to loans so that production could turn around. (Consumers take out loans to buy high price items like cars and homes. Businesses use loans as a means of expanding their business. In both instance, more goods will be produced.) The increase in 2015 moved rates to the 0.25% - 0.50% range. As of October 2018, interest rates have moved to 1.00% - 1.25% range. For this discussion board, I want you to do some research into the “Financial Crisis.” Why did it occur? Can you characterize the behavior of the financial sector that led to the…
- Suppose that you are the manager of a bank that has $15 million of fixed-rate assets, $30 million of rate-sensitive assets, $25 million of fixed-rate liabilities, and $20 million of rate-sensitive liabilities. Conduct a gap analysis LOADING... for the bank, and show what will happen to bank profits if interest rates rise by 5 percentage points. The change in bank profits is $nothing million.Suppose a bank currently has $250,000 in deposits and $27,000 in reserves. The required reserve ratio is 10%. If at the end of the day, there is an unexpected withdrawal of $4,000 in reserves, what is the bank's resulting reserve ratio (expressed as a %)? Using the information from the prior problem, how much would the bank need to borrow in either the Fed Funds market or at the discount window, to be in complicance with the required reserve ratio?At the end of 2020 and the beginning of 2021, coupon rates on long-term T-notes and T-bonds were near historic lows. Further, the federal government was running a historically large budget deficit in an effort to stimulate an economy battered by COVID-19 and to support millions of unemployed workers. Some investment advisers warned that this could be a particularly bad time to invest in government bonds or bonds in general. Why?