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- Consider the economy of XYZ, has the following indicators in the table below:Ct = 0.7Yt̅Gt = 0.2Yt̅EXt = 0.20Yt̅IMt = 0.25Yt̅It = 0.30 − 2.0(Rt − 1.2)Yt̅A. Derive the IS equation. Explain why the IS curve has downward slope.B. Estimate the short-run output when real interest rate equals to 2 percent.C. Calculate the value of multiplier and interpret the result.D. Suppose the government increases the expenditure such as:Gt = 0.3Yt̅Show the impact on IS curve in graphically, and calculate the government expenditure multiplier.How much short-run output change? Explain the reason.Suppose the economy of Ghana in 2020 was characterized by C = ¢400m + 0.75(Y-T); I = ¢400m - 20r; G = ¢200m; T = ¢200m; Ms = ¢250m/P; Md = 0.25Y - 10r a. Derive the IS and LM curve equations. Give a brief explanation as to why they are positively or negatively sloped. b. Calculate equilibrium output and interest rates (in this case assume P=1). Econ313 2020/2021 PROBLEM SET 2 Page 1 of 2 c. Suppose the government of Ghana in the second half of 2020 spent an additional ¢50m to mitigate the impact of the COVID pandemic on households and businesses and government tax revenue declined by 10% as a result of the lockdown in Ghana what will be the new equilibrium output? d. Will the policy in (c) above have an impact on interest rate? Briefly explain. e. What is the amount of the fiscal deficit incurred as a result of the government fiscal policies as pursued in (c) above?Question 1 (14 marks) Consider the following numerical example of the simple Keynesian model with no government spending, taxes or a foreign sector (all figures in R millions): C = 100 + 0,9Y I = 50 Answer the following questions. What is the value of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in this model? (2) What is the value of the multiplier in this economy? (3) Calculate aggregate spending in this economy (2) Calculate the equilibrium level of output. (3) Suppose the level of output that creates full employment (Yf) in the economy is 1 800. Determine the level of investment spending that would create full employment in this economy. (4)
- Do you remember the Harrod-Domar model? Derive it and apply it to a numerical case where d=4%, s=35%, and gY=8% last year. If s is expected to rise to 45% next year, what will happen to gY?Consider an economy with the following features: Consumption, C = 130 + 0.5Yd Income tax, T = 20 + 0.2Y Investment, I = 200 – 600r Government expenditure, G = 112 Real money demand, Md/P = 50 + 0.5Y – 600r Nominal money supply, Ms = 600 Price level, P = 2 where Yd stands for disposable income, and r for the rate of interest. Derive the IS and LM equations. Calculate the equilibrium levels of income and rate of interest.Suppose that investment demand increases by $100. Assume that households have a marginal propensity to consume of 80 percent. Compute the first three rounds of multiplier effects as follows: a) What are the first cycle changes in spending? Total cumulative change equals? b) What are the second cycle changes in spending? Total cumulative change equals? c) What are the third cycle changes in spending? Total cumulative change equals?
- Linear equations for the consumption and saving schedules take the general form C = a + bY and S = -a + (1 - b)Y, where C, S, and Y are consumption, saving, and national income, respectively. The constant a represents the vertical intercept, and b represents the slope of the consumption schedule.a. Use the following data to substitute numerical values for a and b in the consumption and saving equations. b. What is the economic meaning of b? Of (1 - b)? c. Suppose that the amount of saving that occurs at each level of national income falls by $20 but that the values of b and (1 - b) remain unchanged. Restate the saving and consumption equations for the new numerical values, and cite a factor that might have caused the change.The equations defining a simple model of the economy are : c=0.75y+18 and I =22 where C,Y and I denote consumption,national income and hence draw an accurate graph of C+I plotted against Y on the interval 0Is the relationship between changes in spending and changes in real GDP in the multiplier effect a direction (positive) relationship or is it an inverse (negative) relation- ship?
- Q.1.14 In the Keynesian model, what is the most important determinant of ahousehold’s consumption?(a) Disposable income.(b) Total wealth.(c) The number of persons in the household.(d) Its’ net wealth. Q.1.15 Induced consumption is: (a) the part of consumption which is independent of the level of income.(b) the minimum level of consumption that is financed from sources otherthan income.(c) The maximum level of consumption that is financed from sources otherthan income.(d) shown by the slope of the consumption function.Q.1.16 In the Keynesian model, an introduction of a proportional tax will: (a) increase the slope of the consumption function.(b) reduce the multiplier.(c) increase the equilibrium level of income.(d) increase the multiplier.Q.1.17 A decrease in the price level will: (a) shift the AS curve to the left.(b) shift the AD curve to the left.(c) shift the AS curve to the right.(d) leave both the AD curve and the AS curve unchanged.Consider the Aggregate expenditure model. Where:AD = C + I + G + NX where G, and NX are all autonomous.C = C + c∗(Y + T R − T A) where T A = tY with t ∈ [0, 1] is the proportional tax rate and c∗ ∈ (0, 1) is the marginal propensity to consume. In addition, investment is given by: I = I − bi where I is autonomous investment and b > 0 determines the sensitivity ofinvestment to changes in the interest rate, i. A. Using the information above, solve for the IS function. Combine all the autonomous terms into one term, A. B. In an (x, y) plane, where Y is on the horizontal axis and i is on thevertical axis, illustrate the IS curve you derived above. Make sure to explainhow you got the Y-intercept and solve for the slope. c. How does c∗ affect the slope of the IS curve? Explain your answerintuitively. d. Consider the LM curve, where the real demand for money is such that:MD/P= kY − hi where k ∈ (0, 1) represents how sensitive the demand for money is to changesin income (or the inverse of…Consider a closed economy to which the Keynesian-cross analysis applies. Consumption is given by the equation C = 200 + 2/3(Y – T). Planned investment is 300, as are government spending and taxes. What happens to unplanned inventory investment? Should equilibrium Y be higher or lower than 1,500?