Suppose that a machine provides instructions that can access memory locations using the one-level indirect addressing scheme. What is the sequence of page faults incurred when all of the pages of a program are currently non-resident and the first instruction of the program is an indirect memory load operation? What happens when the operating system is using a per-process frame allocation technique and only two pages are allocated to this process?
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- Suppose the page table for the process currently executing on the processor looks like the following. All numbers are decimal, everything is numbered starting from zero, and all addresses are memory byte addresses. The page size is 1,024 bytes. Virtual page number 0 Valid bit Reference bit Modify bit Page frame number 1 1 0 1 1 7 2 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 0 What physical address, if any, would each of the following virtual addresses correspond to? (Do not try to handle any page faults, if any.) 1,052 2,221 5,499 Edit View Insert 12pt Paragraph Format Tools Table BIU AvConsider an operating system using memory mapping on a page basis and using a single level page table. Assume that the necessary page table is always in memory. The system takes 200 ns to make a memory reference, how long does a paged memory reference take? Group of answer choices 400 ns (nanoseconds) 809.2 ms (microseconds) 200 ns (nanoseconds) 1638.4 ms (microseconds)A system with simple paged memory management has addresses of B bits and pages of size P KiB. If all memory is pageable, what is the maximum number of items contained in a process's page table? What if K KiB are reserved for the kernel and are not pageable? Also suppose that the page table is organized in 2 levels, so that the page directory (first level) is addressed by D bits. How many bits will be used to address the second level? How many entries will there be, at most, among all the tables of the pages (first and second level) of a process?
- Consider a system with 256Mbytes of main memory with page size of 4Kbytes. It has a logical address space of 26-bits. Answer the following questions. (Assume byte-addressable memory) (i) How many of the 26-bits of the logical address represent page# and how many bits represent the offset? (ii) How many entries are there in a conventional single-level page table for a process? (iii) How many entries are there in an inverted page table?Suppose you have a byte-addressable virtual address memory system with 32 virtual pages of 32 bytes each, and 8 page frames. Assuming the following page table, answer the questions below: | Page # | Frame # | Valid bit ||--------|---------|-----------|| 0 | 4 | 1 || 1 | 3 | 1 || 2 | - | 0 || 3 | 0 | 0 || 4 | 1 | 1 || 11 | 6 | 0 || 13 | 7 | 1 || 17 | - | 0 | a) How many bits are needed to address this virtual memory? b) What is the size of the Page field? c) What is the size of the Offset field? d) What is the size of the Page Frame field? e) What is the maximum number of the entries in this Page Table? f) What Physical address corresponds to the Virtual address 0x22? Answer should be in hexadecimal number. (if the address causes a page fault, answer as "page fault" with the proper reason) g) What Physical address corresponds to the…Suppose you have a byte-addressable virtual address memory system with 32 virtual pages of 32 bytes each, and 8 page frames. Assuming the following page table, answer the questions below: | Page # | Frame # | Valid bit ||--------|---------|-----------|| 0 | 4 | 1 || 1 | 3 | 1 || 2 | - | 0 || 3 | 0 | 0 || 4 | 1 | 1 || 11 | 6 | 0 || 13 | 7 | 1 || 17 | - | 0 |a) How many bits are needed to address this virtual memory? b) What is the size of the Page field? c) What is the size of the Offset field? d) What is the size of the Page Frame field?
- Suppose that a machine has 42-bit virtual addresses and 32-bit physical addresses.{a} How much RAM can the machine support (each byte of RAM must be addressable)?{b} What is the largest virtual address space that can be supported for a process?{c} If pages are 2 KB, how many entries must be in a single-level page table?{d} If pages are 2 KB and we have a two-level page table where the first level is indexed by 15-bits, then how many entries does the first-level page table have?{e} With the same setup as part {d}, how many entries are in each second-level page table?{f} What is the advantage of using a two-level page table over single-level page table?Suppose you have a byte-addressable virtual address memory system with 16 virtual pages of 64 bytes each and 4-page frames. Assuming the following page table, answer the questions below: Page # Frame # Valid bit 0 2 1 1 3 1 2 - 0 3 0 0 4 1 1 5 - 0 6 - 0 7 - 0 A. What physical address corresponds to the virtual address 0x42? Answer should be in hexadecimal number. (if the address causes a page fault, answer as "page fault" with the proper explanation) B. What physical address corresponds to the virtual address 0x72? Answer should be in hexadecimal number. (if the address causes a page fault, answer as "page fault" with the proper explanation) C. What physical address corresponds to the virtual address 0x84? Answer should be in hexadecimal number. (if the address causes a page fault, answer as "page fault" with the proper explanation)Consider a virtual memory system with a 50-bit logical address and a 38-bit physical address. Suppose that the page/frame size is 16K bytes. Assume that each page table entry is 4 Bytes. a. How many frames are in the systems? a.How many pages in the virtual address space for a process? b. If a single-level page table is deployed, calculate the size of the page table for each process c. Design a multilevel page table structure for this system to ensure that each page table can fit into one frame. How many levels is needed? Draw a figure to show your page systems;
- Consider an operating system that uses Segmentation. Given an address [S,D], where S is the segment and D is the offset. Explain how the CPU will go about resolving an address to retrieve an instruction or data in memory.An operating system designed for an embedded system application needs to manage a process of size 512KB with a page size of 8KB. If the memory size is 256KB then answer the following questions - a) Determine the minimum number of bits required to manage the logical address space. b) Determine the minimum number of bits required to manage the physical address space.A virtual memory has a page size of 2K(words). There are eight pagesand four blocks. The associative memory page table contains the followingentries:Page Block0 32 15 26 0Make a list of all virtual addresses (In decimal) that will cause a page fault if used by the CPU.