Suppose that a sender and receiver use asynchronous transmission and agree not to use any stop elements. Could this work? If so, explain any necessary conditions.
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- Consider the GBN protocol with a sender window size of 4 and a sequence number rangeof 1,024. Suppose that at time t, the next in-order packet that the receiver is expecting has asequence number of k. Assume that the medium does not reorder messages. Answer thefollowing questions: What are all possible values of the ACK field in all possible messages currently propagating back to the sender at time t? Justify your answer.Give outcome for given scenario:A source had sent five packets and suddenly pause the animation before those packets had reached its destination. Now kill the first packet's ACK after it reaches its destination.Do not plagarise please. Write your own answer Q. Describe the characteristics of the link-state and the distance-vector routing protocols and their uses in internal and external routing protocols.
- In the discussion of ARQ protocol in Section 3.3.3, a scenario was outlined that resulted in the receiver accepting two copies of the same frame due to a loss of acknowledgement frame. Is it possible that a receiver may accept multiple copies of the same frame when none of the frames (message or acknowledgement) are lost?What Are The Effect of Location Inaccuracy on Face Routing?Consider the Go-Back-N and selective-repeat protocols, suppose the sequence number space is of size k. What is the largest allowable sender window that will avoid the occurrence of problems for each of these protocols?
- Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hostsare separated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec.Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to host B.a. Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s.b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of L and R.c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay.d. Suppose host A begins to transmit the packet at time t= 0, at time t =dtrans, where is the lastbit of the packet?e. Suppose dprop is greater than dtrans. At time t =dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?In this example, assume that the fixed path is used to transport a packet from a source to an address at the other end of the network. List the many components of delay as well: Approximately how many delays are continuous for how long, and approximately how many are timedependent?Exactly how does the routing work, if you don't mind me asking? The importance of distance vector routing cannot be overstated.
- What relationship is needed between sequence number size and window size to avoid problem in recognizing between new transmission and re-transmission in the SR protocol?Assume that the fixed path and attempt to send a packet to a host from a source to a destination. Also list the various delay components: How many delays are continuous for how long and how many are timedependent?Suppose that the UDP receiver computes the Internet checksum for the received UDP segment and finds that it matches the value carried in the checksum field. Can the receiver be absolutely certain that no bit errors have occurred? Explain.