Suppose that the preferences of a consumer regarding the consumption of goods q₁ and q2 are represented by function: 1-α U(9₁, 92) = 91 927 where q₁0, 92 ≥ 0, 0 < a < 1. Suppose also that the consumer is endowed with some disposable income Y> 0 and faces prices p₁ and p2 respectively for goods 9₁ and 92. b. Consider a reduction in price P2. Drawing and describing the indifference curves and budget constraint, and referring to the concepts of substitution effect and income effect, report how the quantity demanded of q2 changes when; P2 decreases. c. Consider now the dual problem. Specifically, minimise the expenditure function subject to the consumer achieving a level of utility ū> 0 and derive the Hicksian demands for goods 91 and 92. Report and describe the expression of the minimised expenditure function.
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- Suppose that a fast-food junkie derives utility from three goods-soft drinks (x), hamburgers (y), and ice cream sundaes (z)− according to the Cobb-Douglas utility function U(x,y,z)=x0.5y0.5(1+z)0.5. Suppose also that the prices for these goods are given by px=1,py=4, and pz=8 and that this consumer's income is given by I=8.a. Show that, for z=0, maximization of utility results in the same optimal choices as in Example 4.1 . Show also that any choice that results in z>0 (even for a fractionalz ) reduces utility from this optimum.b. How do you explain the fact that z=0 is optimal here?c. How high would this individual's income have to be for any z to be purchased?Assume, as in Exercise 22.1, that a consumer has utility function F or fruit and chocolate. Determine the consumer's demand functions q1(P1, P2, M) and q2(P1, P2, M). Determine also It* in terms of P1, P2 and M. Find the indirect utility function and show that It* = 8Vj8M. Suppose, as before, that fruit costs $1 per unit and chocolate $2 per unit. If the income is raised from $36 to $36.5, determine the precise value of the resulting change in the indirect utility function. Show that this is approximately equal to (O.5)λ*, where λ* is evaluated at P1 = 1,P2 = 2 and M = 36. Exercise 22.1 A consumer purchases quantities of two commodities, fruit and chocolate, each month. The consumer's utility function is For a bundle (X1, X2) of X1 units of fruit and X2 units of chocolate. The consumer has a total of $49 to spend on fruit and chocolate each month. Fruit cost $1 per unit and chocolate costs $2 per unit. How many units of each should the consumer buy…Assume an individual spends all of the their income on a bundle comprised of good #1 and good #2. In particular, their utility function is given by: U(q1,q2) = q12/3q21/3 Assume the price of good #1 is $1 (p1=1) and the price of good #2 is $3 (p2=3). What must the individual's income be if they maximize their utility by purchasing 10 units of good #1?
- Bob has a utility function U(x, y) = √x1 + 0.8√x2 + 0.64√x3 over his incomes x1, x2, x3 in the next three years. This function is an example of (A) expected utility; (B) quasi-hyperbolic utility function; (C) discounted utility; (D) none of the above. . Which of the following preferences agree with Bob’s utility? (A) (9, 10, 11) ≻ (9, 10, 12); (B) (9, 10, 11) ≻ (11, 10, 9);(C) (9, 10, 11) ≻ (9, 11, 10); (D) none of the above. Bob’s utility function implies (A) time stationarity; (B) transitivity; (C) impatience; (D) all of the above.An agent has utility u(x1, x2) = (x-11+x-12)-1for goods x1 and x2. The prices of the goods are p1 and p2. The agent has income m. a) Show preferences are convex. You can do this graphically or by showing that MRS is decreasing in x1. b) Solve for the agent’s optimal choice of (x1, x2). c) Show the agent’s indirect utility function is given by:V=m(p1/21 + p1/22)2Consider the utility function of a consumer who obtains utility from consuming only two goods, ?1 and ?2 , in fixed proportions. Specifically, the utility of the consumer requires the consumption of two units of ?2 for each unit of ?1. i. Report the mathematical expression of the utility function of the consumer. ii. Provide a diagram of the corresponding indifference curves. iii. Provide at least one example and economic intuition. Suppose that the consumer has available income equal to Y, and the price of the goods is respectively ?1 and ?2. i. Derive the expressions of the quantities that maximise the utility of the consumer under the budget constraint. ii. Provide a diagram of the optimal solution.
- There two goods, candy and soda, available in arbitrary non-negative quantities (so the consumption set is R2+). A consumer has preferences over consumption bundles that are represented by the following utility function:u(x, y) = −|4 − x| − |4 − y|where x is the quantity of candy (in grams), y is the quantity of soda (inliters), and |.| denotes the absolute value: for any real number r ∈ R, |r| = r if r ≥ 0 −r if r < 0. The consumer has wealth of w > 0 Dirhams. The price of candy is p > 0 Dirhams/gram, and the price of soda is q > 0 Dirhams/liter. (a) Find the demand for candy and soda as a function of wealth w > 0for the following specific prices, explaining how you arrived at youranswers:(i) when p = 1 and q = 2,(ii) when p = 2 and q = 1,(iii) when p = q = 1. For each part (i), (ii) and (iii), illustrate the demand for candy as afunction of wealth in an appropriate diagramThere two goods, candy and soda, available in arbitrary non-negative quantities (so the consumption set is R2+). A consumer has preferences over consumption bundles that are represented by the following utility function:u(x, y) = −|4 − x| − |4 − y|where x is the quantity of candy (in grams), y is the quantity of soda (inliters), and |.| denotes the absolute value: for any real number r ∈ R, |r| = r if r ≥ 0 −r if r < 0. The consumer has wealth of w > 0 Dirhams. The price of candy is p > 0 Dirhams/gram, and the price of soda is q > 0 Dirhams/liter. Now consider a different consumer who has preferences represented by thefollowing utility function.u(x, y) = −|2 − x| − |8 − y| if x ≤ y −|8 − x| − |2 − y| if x > y,where x is the quantity of candy (in grams) and y is the quantity of soda(in liters). (a) In an appropriate diagram, illustrate the consumer’s map of indifference curves.(b) Are the consumer’s preferences monotone? Are the preferences…There two goods, candy and soda, available in arbitrary non-negative quantities (so the consumption set is R2+). A consumer has preferences over consumption bundles that are represented by the following utility function:u(x, y) = −|4 − x| − |4 − y|where x is the quantity of candy (in grams), y is the quantity of soda (inliters), and |.| denotes the absolute value: for any real number r ∈ R, |r| = r if r ≥ 0 −r if r < 0. The consumer has wealth of w > 0 Dirhams. The price of candy is p > 0 Dirhams/gram, and the price of soda is q > 0 Dirhams/liter. (a) Calculate the utility of the following consumption bundles: (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), (4, 3), (3, 4), and α(4, 5) + (1 − α)(3, 4) for α ∈ [0, 1]. (b) In an appropriate diagram, illustrate the consumer’s map of indifference curves.
- A consumer has a perfect complements utility function, where she prefers to have one unit of H with each unit of G. Also, she has an income of $210. Assume that the price of H is $8 and the price of G is $6. What is the consumer's optimal choice for good G*? Group of answer choices 11 12 15 16Michael does not like to mix peanut butter and jelly in the same sandwich. However, he will consume them separately; for him, a sandwich with 1 spoon of peanut butter is exactly the same as a sandwich with 2 spoons of jelly. Michael has an income of m = 50, and the prices per spoonful of peanut butter and jelly are pPB=5 and pJ=11. Please write down Michael’s utility function over peanut butter (PB) and jelly (J). 2. Please determine Michael’s Marshallian demands PB*m and J*m3. Please determine Michael’s new Marshallian demands PB*m and J*m, when the price of peanut butter falls to pPB = 1.4. What are the (Hicks) SE and IE? Draw a diagram to show your analysis, with peanut butter on thehorizontal axis, and jelly on the vertical axis. 5. Recall that there are two different types of substitution effects. For example, in Q2 we have used theHicks SE. Does your answer to the last part change if we use the Slutsky SE? Justify. 6. Nam likes his peanut butter and jelly sandwiches with exactly…Consider a consumer with the utility function U (x1, x2 ) = 10x12/3x21/3 −50. Suppose the prices of x1 and x2 are 10 and 2 respectively and the consumer has an income of 150. How would the optimal bundle change if the utility function was log- linear: 2lnx1 +lnx2?