Suppose that there is a color column (feature) in a data frame with values in ("Blue", "Green", "Black", "Red"). What is the best way to prepare this column for modeling? Normalization Replace the values with numbers (1,2,3,4) Label encoding One-hot encoding
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- We want to build a regression model and have many observations and many predictors. (a) From a computational point of view, which of these two model building algorithms are preferable: best subset selection or forward stepwise selection? (b) True or false and explain: Best subset selection will result in a smaller prediction error than forward stepwise selection because every model that is considered in forward stepwise selection is also considered in best subset seAs a data scientist, you are supposed to build a multivariate linear regression (MLR) model that might be used to predict the Stock Price Index (dependent variable) based on two independent variables namely Interest Rate and Unemployment Rate as they are shown in the mlr_dat dataset. Find the intercept b and the coefficient Wi. Compare and show side by side to see how close your MLR model prediction.) Develop a simple linear regression model (univariate model) using gradient descent methodfor experience-salary datasets as it is shown on the following table. Once you got the model, checkhow close the predicted values against the ground truth and calculate the total error (mean squareerror) and the accuracy R2.No Experience Salary ($) Predicted
- Develop a simple linear regression model (univariate model) using gradient descent method for experience-salary datasets as it is shown on the following table. Once you got the model, check how close the predicted values against the ground truth and calculate the total error (mean square error) and the accuracy R2.2. Using Scikit-learn fit a linear regression model on the test dataset and predict on the testing dataset. Compare the model’s prediction to the ground truth testing data by plotting the prediction as a line and the ground truth as data points on the same graph. Examine the coef_ and intercept_ attributes of the trained model, what do the values mean? Note: Linear Regression Reference: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.htmlTo train a binary logistic regression model, we used the delta rule to learn the weight of feature i using a training case j: ∆Wij = −ηxij yj (1 − yj )(tj − yj ), where η is the tunable learning rate. Please write down the delta rule for mini-batch gradient descent update assuming the size of mini-batch is n.Please answer the following question from above: What about the linear perceptron classi?er? (hint: activation function now changes from sigmoid to sign)
- A) Find good predictors for your regression models in R. Examine the data for these two datasets (In the images attached. I would try to add full datatables in the text but the 5000 character count limits me so I can only provide images of the datatables for braincancer.csv and heart.csv instead, sorry for the inconvenience). For braincancer.csv, predict the status variable (0 – alive, 1 – deceased). For Heart.csv, predict AHD (Acquired Heart Disease, 0 – no, 1 - yes). Use R’s summary function to show you how good your chosen models are. For instance, the default code below is not doing a very good job predicting status; only 1 of the two predictors has minimal statistical significance and the Adjusted R-Squared value is very low. When you have found good predictors, paste the result of the summary output for both datasets as comments in your Python file for part B. regression.r code: regression1 <- lm(formula = status ~ ki + gtv, data = BrainCancer) summary(regression1)…3You are expected to train a Linear Regression model on any given data. After you have trained a linear regressor model. Apply Principal Component Analysis on the given dataset. Again, train a linear regressor model on the data with lesser dimensions.You are expected to write the code for the linear regression model, principal component analysis by using numpy and python.Create Second Image Now that we have fit our model, which means that we have computed the optimal model parameters, we can use our model to plot the regression line for the data. Below, I supply you with x_fit and y_fit that represent the x- and y-data of the regression line, respectively. All we need to do next is ask the model to predict a z_fit value for each x_fit and y_fit pair by invoking the model's predict() method. This should make sense when you consider the ordinary least squares linear regression equation for calculating z_fit: ????=?̂ 0+?̂ 1????+?̂ 2????zfit=θ^0+θ^1xfit+θ^2yfit where ?̂ ?θ^i are the computed model parameters. You must use x_fit and y_fit as features to be passed together as a DataFrame to the model's predict() method, which will return z_fit as determined by the above equation. Once you obtain z_fit, you are ready to plot the regression line by plotting it against x_fit and y_fit. Any dataset would be great. I just want to understand it.
- Consider the following regression equation specied for 2-period panel data: where i = 1; 2; :::N and t = 1; 2. If you expect that β_1 is positive, but the correlation between Δx_i and Δu_i is negative, then what is the bias in the OLS estimator of β_1 in the first-differenced equation? Already answered but wrong one so please don't copy pasteSay that you have the following initial settings for binary logistic regression: x = [1, 1, 3] w = [0, -2, 0.75] b = 0.5 2. Given that x's label is 1, what is the value of w_1, w_2, and w_3 at time t + 1 if the learning rate is 1? For this problem, you may ignore the issue of updating the bias term. 3. What is the value of P(y = 1 | x) given your updated weights from the previous question? 4. Given that x's label is 1, what is the value of the bias term at time t + 1 if the learning rate is 1? 5. What is the value of P(y = 1 | x) given both your updated weights and your updated bias term? 6. Given that x's label is 0, what is the value of P(y = 0| x) at time t + 1 if the learning rate is 0.1? Round your answer to the nearest 1000th as a number [0, 1].Two engineers were independently testing a cubic polynomial regression model on the same dataset. The first engineer used the validation set approach, while the second one used 10-fold cross-validation to estimate test MSE. Both of them repeated the test 20 times, each time with a different set.seed() number. Then, each engineer calculated the mean and the standard deviation of his 20 estimated test MSE. Which of the following statement is most likely true? • The standard deviation of MSE from the first engineer will be greater than the standard deviation of MSE from the second engineer. • The mean MSE from the first engineer will be less than the mean MSE from the second engineer. • The mean MSE from the first engineer will be greater than the mean MSE from the second engineer. • The standard deviation of MSE from the first engineer will be less than the standard deviation of MSE from the second engineer.