Suppose the Bank of Canada is criticized for implementing a contractionary monetary policy at a time when the inflation rate is at or near its target level. One explanation for this policy decision is likely that     the Bank anticipates a rise in inflation and is acting now because of the unavoidable time lags.     it is extremely difficult to predict future events and a contractionary policy is the safest policy choice.

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Chapter17: The Short-run Trade-off Between Inflation And Unemployment
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8. Suppose the Bank of Canada is criticized for implementing a contractionary monetary policy at a time when the inflation rate is at or near its target level. One explanation for this policy decision is likely that
   
the Bank anticipates a rise in inflation and is acting now because of the unavoidable time lags.
   
it is extremely difficult to predict future events and a contractionary policy is the safest policy choice.
   
the Bank anticipates a decrease in investment spending and is acting now because of the unavoidable time lags.
   
the Bank anticipates a decrease in Canadian net exports and is acting now because of the unavoidable time lags.
   
the Bank regularly maintains a contractionary policy stance in order to keep inflation at or near its target.
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