Suppose your RSA public key is PK: {n, e} = {13861, 37}. Your friend sends you a ciphertext C = 9908. But unfortunately you have forgotten your private key, now you have to crack it yourself. a) Write down a possible condition of factors p and q. p= q= b) What is your private key SK: {d}? d= c) What is the plaintext of your friend’s message? The plaintext M =

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q=131 and a primitive root a=6. Let Bob's…

A:

Q: The Lingala Language of Republic of Congo has 35 letters. Consider an Affine cipher, which encrypts…

A: Solution ::  Let's see first what is Affine cipher ?  Answer ::  The affine code/puzzle is a type of…

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q= 131 and a primitive root a=6. Let Bob's…

A: Key generation Common prime q=131 primary root  = 6 Bob's public key  =3 Random integer chosen k= 4…

Q: Determine the appropriate criteria for a cryptographic hash function h.        We can find…

A: We need to find the appropriate criteria for a cryptographic hash function.    The Given Options are…

Q: We want to set up RSA cryptosystem in a network of n users. a. How many prime numbers do we have to…

A: Answer: RSA cryptosystem in network of n user. we can generate key for user very large but some…

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q=131 and a primitive root a=6. Let Bob's…

A: Given, YB=3, q=131, a= 6, k=4, M= 9 The formulas use are : C1=ak mod qC2 = KM mod qK = YBk mod q

Q: suppose, RHT and NAT are using the RSA algorithm for PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY Having chosen 3 and 11…

A: Please upvote. I am providing the correct answer below.     Prime numbers:p = 3, q = 11 n = p*q = 33…

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q= 131 and a primitive root a = 6. Let…

A: Answer Step1: Key generation Common prime q=131 primary root αα = 6 Bob's public key YBYB = 3 Random…

Q: Using public key cryptography, Bob wants to send a secret message M to Alice (only Alice and Bob…

A: Using public key cryptography, Bob wants to send a secret message M to Alice(only Bob and Alice…

Q: Vote: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. uct a…

A:

Q: Discuss the three main differences between cryptographic hash function and the cryptographic…

A: Given: Explain the differences between Cryptographic Cipher and Cryptographic Hash Functions.

Q: Alice wants to securely send Bob an arbitrary number M from the set {0, 1, . . . , N − 1} for some…

A: Actually, given information: Alice wants to securely send Bob an arbitrary numberM from the set {0,…

Q: In a special case of a permutation cipher, we take a message, M, and write its letters in an s× t…

A: Given, message M= ATTA CKAT DAWNsecret key S= (3,4)Encryption:arrange the message in table…

Q: Suppose that you have received the following encrypted message from your friend, ciphertext…

A:

Q: Your opponent uses RSA with n pq and encryption exponent e and encrypts a message m. This yields the…

A: Answer: I have given answer in the handwritten format.

Q: 1. Assume user A and B are communicating with each other. They are in need to verify the integrity…

A: When communication happens, the data must be secured so that they are not miss used. The process of…

Q: suppose p=5 and q=11. what is the private key of an RSA cryptosystem with public key (n,e)= (55,9)?

A: Lets see the solution.

Q: 6. (Bonus) Suppose Bob leaks his private decryption key d in RSA. Rather than generating a new…

A: Generating new public encryption and private decryption key Suppose in Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA)…

Q: In the context of the ElGamal signature, the public key is (257, 76, x), where "x" is not known to…

A: Yes there a re-use of the ephemeral key  The ElGamal signature scheme allows that a verifier can…

Q: Are there references or prove to say that multiplying two points in the elliptic curve cryptography…

A: Adding points within an elliptic curve group will give another point to the curve and all multiples…

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q=131 and a primitive root a=6. Let Bob's…

A: Key generation Common prime q=131 primary root  = 6 Bob's public key  =3 Random integer chosen k= 4…

Q: Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzi. We…

A: Explanation: The plain text is given by 01110111 the ciphertext is given by 00001101. 01110111…

Q: In a public-key system using RSA, suppose you intercepted a cipher text C = 61 sent to a user whose…

A: Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA) algorithm: • RSA is the first public-key encryption algorithm. • It…

Q: We consider ElGamal cryptosystem with public prime p = 53 and generator g = 2. Let h = 16 be Bob’s…

A:

Q: Suppose that you receive a digital certificate that contains M and (h(M)]CA, where M = (Alice,…

A: Identifying the sender of certificate in a digital certificate The digital certificate contains M…

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q= 131 and a primitive root a = 6. Let…

A: Below is the answer to above question. I hope this will meet your requirement...

Q: How would you solve part a and b? This is an applied cryptography type question. a. Suppose ' = 2,…

A: Answer is given below-

Q: Use RSA cipher from the example we did in class to translate the following message into numeric…

A: According to the Question below the Solution:

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q=131 and a primitive root a=6. Let Bob's…

A: Your answer is given below:

Q: that has 16891 employees. How many keys are necessary to allow any pair of employees to securely…

A: Ans- For using symmetric cipher algorithm total pairs of required will be- N(N-1)/2pairs where N is…

Q: a) Decode the message ASKNOXAOXJ given that it is a Hill 2-cipher with enciphering matrix (32),…

A: a) Given that, The plain text is ASKNOXAOXJ Given enciphering matrix is 4132 A=0, B=1 .... Z=25,…

Q: In the RSA public-key encryption scheme, each user has a public key, e, and a private key, d.…

A: Lets see the solution in the next steps

Q: Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzi. Consider…

A: LFSR is a Linear Feedback Shift Register. Its input bits are usually driven by the XOR gates. In…

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q= 131 and a primitive root a = 6. Let…

A: Solution is given below:

Q: In a public-key system using RSA, you intercept the ciphertext C = 10 sent to a user whose public…

A: Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA) algorithm: • RSA is the first public-key encryption algorithm. • It…

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q=131 and a primitive root a=6. Let Bob's…

A: Key generation Common prime q=131 primary root  = 6 Bob's public key  =3 Random integer chosen k=…

Q: We want to encrypt the plaintext SECURITY using the RSA asymmetric cryptography. The Public key is…

A: Security = 8 p =5, q= 7 n=35. e =5   c = 85 mod 35   c = 8

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q= 131 and a primitive root a = 6. Let…

A: Common prime q=131 primary root α = 6 Bob's public key YB =3 Random integer chosen k= 4 Plane text M…

Q: Alice and Bob use the ElGamal scheme with a common prime q=131 and a primitive root a=6. Let Bob's…

A: Key generation Common prime q=131 primary root α = 6 Bob's public key YB =3 Random integer chosen…

Q: In the Elgamal encryption scheme, Bob's public key is fixed, but Alice uses a fresh random i e…

A: According to the question we have to explain What happens according to given scenario if Alice uses…

Q: Let E'(T,X) be a tweakable block cipher that has already been keyed. Given plaintext P = P1 || P2 ||…

A: First Block of Plaintext: 67 67 in binary is: 01000011 So, E'(T,X): E'(1, 67): Rotate 67 left 2…

Q: Alice sends a message to Bob, along with a digital signature created by encrypting a hash of he…

A: Dear Student, Alice used Bob's public key to encrypt the message, it is the appropriate key as Bob…

Q: Consider the encryption function for a symmetric cryptosystem E(k, m) described below, where K = M =…

A: Note: The answer of both subparts along with a straightforward explanation are given in this…

Q: Suppose that the following ciphertext is received by a person having EIGamal puts key (71. 7. 32)…

A: The Answer is

Q: Suppose my public key is (n, e) = (91, 11) and I receive from you a %3D ciphertext message 53. What…

A: Solution :

Q: In a RSA cryptosystem, a participant uses two prime numbers p and qis 17 and 11 respectively to…

A: Introduction