Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly referred to as just lupus, is an autoimmune disease. One method of diagnosis is to perform an antibody titer (measure of antibodies) to assess if auto-antibodies are present. A pam has the antibody titer done, and zero antibodies are present. Does this indicate that the patient has lupus? Why or why not? If there are not antibodies specific for lupus, the patient does not have the disease. Antibodies are produced in response to specific antigens and are used as a diagnostic tool for many diseases. Antibodies are only produced once B cells are exposed to the specific antigen. O If there are not antibodies specific for lupus, the patient may still have lupus because lupus attacks and destroys B cells before they can produce antibodies. O If there are not antibodies specific for lupus, the patient may have the disease. Antibodies are not always formed in response to specific antigens and are not always present when exposed to a pathogen. O If there are not antibodies specific for lupus, the patient does not have the disease. Antibodies are produced by T cells in response to exposure of a pathogen. Submit Previous Answers Request Answer

Q: Which types of receptors would you expect to find in skeletal muscles? Select all correct answers. G...

A: Smooth muscle fibers are located in walls of hollow visceral organs such as the liver, pancreas, and...

Q: Which of these is an example of an intravascular ante-mortem blood discoloration     cadaveric liv...

A: Introduction:- Anti-mortem injuries occur before death and, post-mortem injuries occur after death. ...

Q: A 10-year-old patient’s distance visual acuity was tested and determined to be 20/80. (a) Explain w...

A: Visual acuity test is a test used to determine that how an individual can seen / visualise clearly f...

Q: how is a carbohydrate digested?

A: Digestion is the process of breaking down food into its component forms. Before digestion, the molec...

Q: Micelles are found   Choose one from the following:   (A) within the lumen of the small intestine (B...

A: The process by which end product of fat digestion pass through the intestinal mucosa into the lymph ...

Q: Can you kindly describe diabetes insipidus?

A: Hormones are the chemical messengers that acts on the target organ and produce the desired effect on...

Q: D EF sympathetic- chain ganglion ABC

A: Introduction: A total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves are innervated from the spinal cord. Every single...

Q: Describe the cardiovascular consequences on peripheral resistance, cardiac output, A-V oxygen differ...

A: The cardiovascular system or the system of heart is a network of nodes, cells and signals where they...

Q: part of internal respiration? 1. Gas exchange from the alveoli to the capillaries  2. Gas diffusio...

A: The exchange of gases between blood and various tissues and the process of cellular respiration wher...

Q: Review the 7 general senses and their sensory receptors by completing the sentences below:   Select...

A: Sensory Receptors are the bio-transducers that convert the stimulus into electrical impulses. The st...

Q: ch figure in history deliberately infected a young boy with smallpox to test the vaccination previou...

A: Smallpox was a dangerous disease. Smallpox killed about 10% of the population, rising to 20% in town...

Q: Trace the path of a red blood cell that starts in a capillary in the right ear to the point it reach...

A: The cardiovascular system of the body is a chief organ system that concerns with the transport of bl...

Q: Which of the following best describes the role of a lacuna in a bone? a. a cavity within a bone to h...

A: Bones are important structures in higher animals. They provide structure and support to the body. Ap...

Q: Phagocytosis is the process by which neutrophils and macrophages O Helps block entry of bacteria int...

A: Phagocytosis is a cellular process involved in eliminating foreign substances and cell apoptotic pro...

Q: As skeletal muscle contracts, one or morebands of the sarcomere become narrowerand disappear, and on...

A: Microfilaments are actin and myosin that are found in muscles. The muscular system has these microfi...

Q: Which of the following structures or regions is missing from this image of the mouth? Choose one fr...

A: Mouth is the opening present at the beginning of the alimentary canal through which intake of food t...

Q: Make a concept map of the diluting and concentrating mechanisms of the kidney.

A: The kidney has nephrons which are the structural and functional unit of each kidney.   Each nephron ...

Q: Question 11 Emphysema (a type of COPD) forces the afflicted individual to exhale through pursed lips...

A: We know that COPD is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Which is a chronic inflammatory diseas...

Q: When a person or animal is not moving, do you think the muscles are relaxed? Why?

A: Muscles are the part of Muscular system.There are about 600 muscles in the human body. The three mai...

Q: The myogenic regulation response in the kidney to low systemic blood pressure would be A constrict a...

A: The circulatory system involves the circulation of nutrients and blood from the heart to the tissues...

Q: 4. Mrs. Ironfield is brought to an emergency room complaining of severe pain in her left iliac regio...

A: The digestive system consists of the mouth, the stomach, the pharynx (throat), the esophagus, the la...

Q: Q7. What factors increase the spe of nerve impulses in the nervous Fystem? Select ONE: . The length ...

A: Neurons are specialized cells of the nervous system. The main function of the neuron is to send and ...

Q: 54.  2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate: (MARK ALL THAT APPLY) Group of answer choices is absorbed from food ...

A: Oxygen transport occurs with the help of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a type of conjugated protein. Hem...

Q: Match each description with the appropriate cranial nerve in the diagram shown below 1. Carries com...

A: Any of the paired nerves of the peripheral nervous system that link the muscles and sense organs of ...

Q: Recall the regulatory mechanisms for controlling thrombin and fibrin generation in the body.

A: Chronic smokers usually have a mixed type of polycythemia. It occurs due to a combination of decreas...

Q: 5. Which of the following is involved in the relaxation of smooth muscle fibers? a. calcium ion d...

A: The muscular system comprises special cells called muscle fiber. These muscle fibers help in contrac...

Q: Please read carefully, questions can be tricky 26. Which of the following statements relating to ce...

A: The human brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body. Made up of billions...

Q: ers into organs and organ systems is ki

A: The organ which develops from the germ layers by the differentiation process. 

Q: Lin, a 5-year-11-month-boy, had a fever 20 days ago with no obvious trigger and reached the highest ...

A: In the above scenario, Lin had a fever 20 days ago that reached 40 degrees, the spleen and liver are...

Q: All of the following are capillaries except a. the glomerulus. b. the minor calyx. c. the vasa recta...

A: The kidneys filter blood and create urine, making them the most important organs in the urinary syst...

Q: Which of the following correctly identifies the hormone that triggers ovulation and the hormone that...

A: The core concept: The menstrual cycle is a cycle that occurs in the human female is regulated by the...

Q: Identify the gland and hormone(s) affected by each of the following operations or conditions. Oopho...

A:  There are some important endocrine glands and reproductive organs inside the body which are respons...

Q: Question 16 Labor progresses through the following three stages: O dilation, expansion, and pushing ...

A: Labor is the process through which fetus and placenta is delivered. 

Q: For each activity write the appropriate cranial nerve(s) Shrugging the shoulders   Smelling a flowe...

A: Cranial nerves re found in pairs in the brain. They are found to be arising from the brain and are t...

Q: 3. Erection of the penis is accomplished through increased blood volume in the a. corpus spongiosum ...

A: Introduction:- When a man is aroused by sexual arousal, the blood vessels in the penis relax and ope...

Q: List the following steps of cellular respiration in order  - glycolysis-energy investment phase -p...

A: Cellular respiration is a Metabolic process in which glucose is degraded to liberate energy. It comp...

Q: 6. The distal, widened portion of the ductus deferens is more specifically known as the a. ampulla b...

A: The ductus deferens is also known more commonly as the vas deferens. In the vertebrates, it is part ...

Q: Aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in A. The proximal convoluted tub...

A: The adrenal gland's zona glomerulosa produces the mineralocorticoid steroid hormone aldosterone. In ...

Q: Label the diagram of the body cavities below. b. h. a. C. d.

A: Body cavity is defined as the fluid filled space which is responsible for protecting the internal or...

Q: A patient has a traumatic brain injury to the right parietal lobe. What would you observe in this pa...

A: Introduction: The cerebrum is categorized into the left and the right cerebral hemispheres, and thes...

Q: 4. The labia minora of the female genitalia are homologous to the body of the penis. 5. Meiosis is u...

A: The reproductive system is an organ system of the body. It includes ovaries, the fallopian tubes, th...

Q: Discuss the affect of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on principal cells and their effect...

A: The system helps in the elimination of waste substances from the body, which is known as the urinary...

Q: Figure 13.1A A. Renal calyces B. Renal capsule C. Renal column D. Renal cortex. E. Renal papilla AB....

A: The excretory system consists of one pair of kidneys. The kidney is a bean-shaped organ. Nephrons ar...

Q: Which of the following statement relating to parathyroid gland is true?  a. 4-8 parathyroid glands ...

A: Hormones are the chemical messenger that bound to the target organ. These hormone produce desired ef...

Q: Label the following: • Frontal Bone • Parietal Bone • Temporal Bone • Ocipital Bone • Sphenoid Bone ...

A: The neurocranium is another name for the cranial bones of the skull. The neurocranium is a collectio...

Q: 2. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia: A. Define these conditions. B. Describe a possible cause of each.

A: Sodium and Potassium are two important electrolytes present in the body. Sodium is present in the ex...

Q: which of these variables would NOT affect the ability of a gas to diffuse across the respiratory mem...

A: Respiratory membrane of the alveolus  consists of the alveolar wall, the capillary wall, and their b...

Q: Which of the following hormones is not involved in lactation? А) охytocin B prolactin progesterone D...

A: Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for the activation of specific cell signalling...

Q: Describe the changes that occur in response to binding of aldosterone by kidney cells.

A: Introduction: Aldosterone belongs to the mineralocorticoid and is released by the adrenal cortex. Mi...

Q: When you are dehydrated, is the net movement of fluid from the blood plasma into the cells or from t...

A: Dehydration is defined as a lack of total body water, which causes metabolic processes to be disrupt...