Tamoxifen acts as a ............. pharmaceutical agent:   a)Estrogen receptor–blocking     b)hormone therapy drug, is used to treat breast cancers     c)Non–cell cycle active   d)All choices   e) both a and b

Q: What are known as oncogenes ?

A: oncogenes are the genes that encode proteins that are capable of inducing cancer in living…

Q: What is the purpose of G1 checkpoint?

A: Introduction :- The G1 checkpoint, also known as the restriction point in mammalian cells and the…

Q: What are Tumor Markers ?

A: Cancer is the abnormal growth and multiplication of normal cells. Cancer cells divide rapidly.…

Q: What is a regenerative FGD process?

A: Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies that is used to remove sulfur dioxide from…

Q: What are specific DNA sites called where oestrogen-receptor complexes bind?

A: The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated enhancer protein that is a member of the…

Q: An individual has the following sequences on his chromosomes at one locus:…

A: * Microsatellite sequences also called as short tandem repeats (STR) are repetitive DNA sequences…

Q: What is IGF and what is its function?

A: Chemical messengers are the substances that serve to affect the target cells or tissues.

Q: What is PTEN and what is its relationship to cancer?

A: Introduction: PTEN stands for Phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 and is a…

Q: What are the normal functions of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene?

A: The BRCA1 gene codes for the protein that causes breast cancer type 1. BRCA1 is a human tumour…

Q: What are some synthetic oestrogens?

A: In females, estrogen represents one of the sex hormones responsible for developing their physical…

Q: What does progestogens do in COCs?

A: Progestogen : It is a combined oral contraceptives and a  hormone which prevents pregnancy .They…

Q: What are the effects of increased PCO2 and decreased PO2?

A: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is between 35 and 45 millimeters of mercury. Partial pressure…

Q: Why is G1 a crucial time in the life of a cell?

A: G1 or gap 1 phase is the first phase of interphase or resting phase in the cell cycle.

Q: What is the cancer stem cell hypothesis?

A: Every living organism is made up of cells. A cell is a small self-contained unit within a whole…

Q: Why are tumors difficult to treat with drugs?

A: p53 is a gene that makes a protein which is present in the nucleus of a cell  regulates the cell…

Q: What is oncogene ?

A: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It carries out various functions in…

Q: Why are bone marrow stem cells ideally suited as targets for gene therapy?

A: Bone marrow stem cells are widely suited as targets for gene therapy because they provide two major…

Q: How can HPV cause cancer?

A: Introduction HPV stands for Human Papilloma Virus. It is the most common viral infection of genital…

Q: What type of HPV causes cancer?

A: Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a common virus and it spreads from person to person by skin to skin…

Q: What function of the microtubule motor proteins dynein and kinesin is blocked by the use of…

A: Dynein and kinesin are two types of proteins that are essential for cell movement. Dynein is…

Q: Why are sex hormones necessary for reproduction?

A: Sex hormones are primarily produced by the gonads or sex glands in male and female individuals and…

Q: Describe the physiological conditions that activategluconeogenesis.

A: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which organisms produce sugars for catabolic reactions…

Q: What is Notch protein?

A: Protein is a complex biomolecule formed from the interaction between different amino acids. A…

Q: What are tumors?

A: Cancer involves many diseases in which the living cells evade control mechanisms that generally…

Q: What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?

A: The abnormal and uncontrolled division of cells leads to the formation of an undifferentiated mass…

Q: what type of stem cells are found in the bone marrow and skin that go through mitosis frequently to…

A: Stem cells are unspecialized cells that has the ability to divide for indefinite periods and give…

Q: What is cancer?

A: In a multicellular creature, cell division is a natural process. Cell division has usually defined…

Q: Which combination of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and repair enzymes is LEAST likely to develop a…

A: 8. Normally, the human body have controlled cell growth and division i.e. new cells are created to…

Q: What would happen if Stem Cells do not undergo Cell differentiation?

A: Stem cells are those cells which has the capability to differentiate into different types of…

Q: Is the G phase a truly resting phase? If the cells in G are not truly resting, why do you think we…

A: The cell cycle consist of two main phase i.e. • Interphase(I) - phase includes G1, S, G2  stages •…

Q: does alcohol increase the risk of breast cancer?

A: The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas. Adenocarcinomas are the most prevalent breast…

Q: How does the multistep model of cancer explain the observation that sporadic cases of retinoblastoma…

A: Disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. Cancer is a…

Q: what are carcinogens.?

A: Carcinogen   A carcinogen can be described as the substance which can cause cancer through…

Q: Name the structure that produces progesterone.

A: The corpus luteum is a yellow hormone-secreting body.  It is formed by the ovum, which is not…

Q: How can benign tumors cause clinical problems? A. There is potential for metastasis B. They contain…

A: Benign tumours are harmless non cancerous tumours that grows only on one place.They cant invade or…

Q: What is the purpose of a major histocompatibility complex?

A: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a tightly linked cluster of genes present in every…

Q: What route can breast cancer cells take to escape from the breast to the rest of the body?

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the body that results in accumulation of cell…

Q: What are the physiological effects of the hormones testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone?

A: Testosterone is a steroid male sex hormone secreted by the Leydig cells of testes that regulates…

Q: Expand the acronym LH?

A: LH- Luteinizing Hormone

Q: Expand the term PMDD?

A: Biology terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…

Q: Why is the latent period so named?

A: Infectious disease is those which passed person to person by insects, secretions like cough, and…

Q: What is a tumor suppressor? What is an oncogene?

A: Cancer is a diseased condition where the cells show abnormal growth and proliferation. The cancerous…

Q: How might overexpression of proto-oncogenes lead to abnormal cellular proliferation?

A: A proto-oncogene is a cell's normal gene. Proto-oncogenes are plentiful. Each one is in charge of…

Q: answers:

A: 2.option k L arginine is an essential amino acids that helps to increase the level of nitric oxide,…

Q: What is villi? What are its functions?

A: Villi or villus is present in the small intestine. The small intestine is a part of the…

Q: What are gratuitous inducers ? Explain importance of gratuitous inducers ?

A: An inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression in molecular biology. An inducer can be used…

Q: Is it correct to say that the palladin gene causes cancer?

A: This palladin gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein that is required for organizing the actin…