The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called? cytopathic effect lysogenic conversion antigenic variation..
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1. The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called?
cytopathic effect
lysogenic conversion
antigenic variation..
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- 3. Soluble free radicals often lead to disease by binding to tissues. So which of the following hypersensitivities is probably the actual cause of the disease? a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III d. Type IV e. local anaphylactic reaction4. Here is an immunoassay to measure the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) in soil. An organic solvent is used to extract TNT from the soil and then the solvent is analyzed using a flow cytometer. A flow cytometer is a device used to count small particles that flow through a narrow tube past a detector. The particles are irradiated with a green laser and the fluorescence from each particle is measured as it flows past the detector. Step 1. Antibodies that bind TNT are chemically attached to 5-μm latex beads. Step 2. The beads are incubated with fluorescent derivative of TNT to saturate the antibodies and excess TNT is washed away. The beads are suspended in aqueous detergent. Step 3. A volume of 5 μL of the suspension is added to 100 μL of sample or standard containing TNT. TNT in the sample displaces some of the fluorescent TNT. Step 4. An aliquot is injected into the flow cytometer, which measured the fluorescence of the individual beads as they pass by the detector. a) The figure…3. Patient XY, who had severe hemophilia A and had recently n=been hospitalized for a bleeding episode in his knee, had a follow-up appointment. The existence of a high-titer factor VIII inhibitory antibody measuring 13 Bethesda units (BU) hampered his hospitalization, necessitating the administration of recombinant factor VIIA to control his bleeding. The possibility of initiating immunological tolerance induction (ITI) to eradicate his inhibitor is being examined as a way to best control future bleeding episodes. The patient inquires if there are any newer medicines on the horizon for hemophilia A bleeding prevention. Those who were given weekly emicizumab prophylaxis has a lower rate of annualized bleeding episodes than those who are not. What is the mechanism of action of emicizumab? a. Recombinant fusion protein that binds activated factor IX and factor X b. Monoclonal antibody that blocks the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) c. Monoclonal antibody that inhibits…
- (66)A laboratory animal is scheduled to be immunized by receiving weekly injections of antigen X. Analysis of serum drawn 2 days after the last immunization would show antibodies to antigen X to be primarily of which of the following classes? (A) IgA (B) IgD (C) IgE (D)IgG (E)IgM2. Bacteriophage are very specific in the types of cells they can infect. Some see this as a possible therapy to help treat against bacterial infections. Please discuss pros and cons of this type of therapy with proper support.Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired througha. conjugation.b. transformation.c. transduction.d. all of these.
- How could cyclosporine be used to treat autoimmune disease? be sure to explain you're reasoningLabs that do a lot of Western blots often have hundreds of primary bodies but only two or three secondary antibodies. Why? I understand that secondary antibody aids in the detection, sorting or purification of target antigens by binding to the primary antibody which directly binds to the target antigen. However, I don't undrstand why there are only two or three secondary antibodies available in the laboratory. Glad if the expert would advise.Autoantibodies are probably involved in ________. a. reactions to poison ivy b. pollen allergies c. systemic lupus erythematosus d. HIV/AIDS
- Antibody-mediated responses are most effective against _______. a. intracellular pathogens b. extracellular pathogens c. cancerous cells d. both a and c5) In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after stating what the proteins that cause this formation in the cell where the inflammation takes place and consequently cause the initiation of the fight against this foreign substance.1. Although mutants incapable of producing exotoxins are relatively easy to isolate, mutants incapable of producing endotoxins are much harder to isolate. Explain the differences in mutant recovery?
