77. A patient develops increased thirst and urinary frequency shortly after head trauma. If ADH (vasopressin) deficiency is the cause, which of the following changes in osmolality is expected? A) B) C) D) Osmolality Urine 7 T 4 Plasma
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- Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic effect? tea coffee alcohol milk1 A patient with a rapid respiratory rate complains of numbness and tingling in their fingers, toes, and around their mouth. Which results is consistent with the patients complaints? -decreased ionized calcium -Decreased anion gap -decreased carbonic anhydrase -Decreased osmolar gap29) There are many negative consequences for a diet high in sodium. Explain how too much sodium in the diet would affect function of the kidneys and the composition of the urine. What tubules of the kidney would be most affected? Provide 2 examples from non-human species for removal of sodium. (short answer please)
- Does the fluid imbalance change the osmolarity (concentration) of body fluid?excess sodium ion is considered hazardous, but a certain amount is necessary for normal body functions. What is the purpose of sodium in the body?A high fever is likely to cause deep, rapid respirations,excessive perspiration, and higher metabolic rate. Howwould this affect the fluid and electrolyte balance in thebody?
- 37. Which of the followings is correct about chloride reabsorption from the loop of Henle? A. Cl– is reabsorbed through the chloride channels of cells of the thick segment of loop of Henle B. Cl– is reabsorbed through paracellular gaps of the thick segment of loop of Henle C. Cl– is reabsorbed through Na–K–2Cl cotransporter in the basolateral membrane of the thick segment of loop of Henle D. All of the above is are correct E. None of the above is correct1)Which structure would a molecule of urea pass through first? A) proximal convoluted tubule B) glomerulus C) descending and thin ascending limbs of the nephron loop D) collecting duct E) ureterPatient with dehydration was started on fluid therapy. If 5% dextrose is isoosmotic to plasma what effect would infusion of 1L of a 10% dextrose solution have on ECF and ICF volumes? How it would affect body fluid osmolality of a 70 kg individual and why?
- 1. There is a medical condition called Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion, which can occur as a result of head trauma. Patients with this condition retain water and present with a volume imbalance. A) Name the type of volume imbalance and accompanying direction of changes in ICF and ECF volumes and osmolality. B) Calculate the changes in osmolality and volumes of extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments if 3 liters of water are retained by a patient with SIADH. You can assume that the patient’s initial volumes were ECF=14 L, ICF=28 L. And his initial body osmolality = 290 mOsM. Remember that the total solute in the ICF compartment is kept in place by the cell membrane barrier.28, Which of the following statements about the nephron is TRUE? Multiple Choice Na+ is actively transported from the epithelial cells into the lumen of the ascending limb of nephron loop The permeability of proximal convoluted tubule to water is controlled by ADH. While moving down the descending limb of nephron loop the osmolality (solute concentration) of tubular fluid increases The descending limb of the nephron loop is impermeable to water.How do angiotensin II, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, and antidiuretic hormone regulate the volume and osmolarity of body fluids?