Answered: "The Big Bang" pg. 165, question 2 In…

"The Big Bang" pg. 165, question 2 In Diagram A, is the universe becoming bigger, smaller, or staying the same size over time? B bigger smaller stays the same size

Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305960961

Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman

Publisher:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman

Chapter14: Modern Cosmology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7RQ

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Special Relativity

The theory of special relativity discusses how space and time are related to objects traveling along a straight line at a constant speed. Simply stated, as an object reaches the speed of light, its mass becomes infinite and it is unable to move faster than light. This interstellar speed limit has been the topic of much debate in astronomy, and also in science fiction when people consider how to fly over large distances.

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Explain the differences among the observable universe expanding, the Universe expanding, and the Universe's expansion accelerating.
Some theorists expected that observations would show that the density of matter in the universe is just equal to the critical density. Do the current observations support this hypothesis?
Why cant an open universe have a center? How can a closed universe not have a center?
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Explain why it only appears that we are at the center of expansion of the universe and why an observer in another galaxy would see the same relative motion of all but the closest galaxies away from her.
Explain what we mean when we call the universe homogeneous and isotropic. Would you say that the distribution of elephants on Earth is homogeneous and isotropic? Why?
Calculate the velocity, the distance, and the look-back time of the most distant galaxies in Figure 28.21 using the Hubble constant given in this text and the redshift given in the diagram. Remember the Doppler formula for velocity (v=c) and the Hubble law ( v=Hd , where d is the distance to a galaxy). For these low velocities, you can neglect relativistic effects. Figure 28.21 Sloan Digital Sky Survey Map of the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe. This image shows slices from the SDSS map. The point at the center corresponds to the Milky Way and might say “You Are Here!” Points on the map moving outward from the center are farther away. The distance to the galaxies is indicated by their redshifts (following Hubble’s law), shown on the horizontal line going right from the center. The redshift z=/ , where is the difference between the observed wavelength and the wavelength emitted by a nonmoving source in the laboratory. Hour angle on the sky is shown around the circumference of the circular graph. The colors of the galaxies indicate the ages of their stars, with the redder color showing galaxies that are made of older stars. The outer circle is at a distance of two billion light-years from us. Note that red (older stars) galaxies are more strongly clustered than blue galaxies (young stars). The unmapped areas are where our view of the universe is obstructed by dust in our own Galaxy. (credit: modification of work by M. Blanton and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey)
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