The breeder's equation, R= h²s, helps us think about ways we can limit the evolution of antibiotic resistance, pesticide resistance, or cancer adaptations. Match the term to the relevant description. Draw lines matching the strategies а. R b. Avoid increasing h? c. Decreasing h? d. Increasing S 1. Reducing population size to cause a genetic bottleneck 2. Completing only a partial course of antibiotics 3. The speed of evolutionary change in a population's trait 4. Killing mosquitoes after they laid most of their eggs but before they can transmit malaria 6. Use drugs that do not cause increased mutation rates. e. Reducing S
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- https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/110301_pcbresistantcod (ARTICLE LINK) QUESTIONS: 1. Review the process of natural selection. Use the steps to explain how PCB resistance became so common among tomcod in the Hudson. Be sure to include the terms mutation, fitness, selective pressure, and adaptation in your explanation. 2. In this blog post, the author describes the tomcod as "a quick learner" because of the population's adaptation to PCBs. Is "learning" an accurate way to describe the change in the Hudson River tomcod population? Why or why not? 3. The data shown on the map above support the hypothesis that natural selection for PCB resistance has occurred among tomcod in the Hudson. What sort of evidence regarding gene frequencies in different populations would argue against this hypothesis (i.e., imagine what the scientists would have observed in this study if natural selection on the AHR gene had not occurred among Hudson River tomcod)? 4. Why is it not accurate to…Using evidence from the text, how can natural selection determine the survival of humans during the current COVID-19 pandemic? Please explain in 2-3 sentences. In your response, use the words: genetic variants/genes, natural selection, favorable traits This must follow a CER format (claim, evidence, reasoning)1. The diagram shows the population curve (y-axis) vs time (x-axis). Which line/curve best describes the theory of natural selection of Charles Darwin? 2. The diagram shows the population curve (y-axis) vs time (x-axis). Which curve represents the scenario described by Thomas Malthus "the populations with unlimited natural resources grow very rapidly, after which population growth decreases as resources become depleted". 3. The diagram shows the population curve (y-axis) vs time (x-axis). Which curve best represents the growth of bacteria? 4. The diagram shows the population curve (y-axis) vs time (x-axis). Which line/curve acts as a moderating force in the growth rate by slowing it when resources become limited and stopping growth once it has been reached.
- Many creationists will allow that microevolution (for example,changing gene frequencies in a population) has occurred, and will even acknowledge that species adapt to different environments. However, they deny that macroevolution (they define it as the evolution of new “kinds”) is supported by evidence. Explain how they are mistaken. How might you help a creationist friend better grasp how modern scientists consider micro- versus macroevolution?Fill in the blanks below. Write the letter of the correct definition in the blank space on the left. ______ adaptation a. inherited characteristic that increases chances of survival 2______ competition b. organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than less well-adapted organisms in the same environment 3______ natural selection c. a growing population causes a scarcity of resources 4______ gene d. change in a DNA sequence 5_____ mutation e. a segment of DNA that codes for the production of a protein Evolutionary Evidence: Write the letter of the correct definition in the blank space on the left. ______ vestigial structure a. remains of dead organisms ______ homologous structures b. structures…Which of the following lists events in the proper order to reflect how natural selection works in a population of lice that could originally be controlled by the pesticide permethrin? a. A louse population evolves resistance to permethrin; permethrin is used to kill lice; lice become more common in schoolchildren. b. Some lice are resistant to permethrin; permethrin is used to kill lice; lice resistant to permethrin become the most common type. c. Permethrin resistance is common in lice; permethrin is used to kill lice; most lice become sensitive to permethrin. d. Permethrin is used to kill lice; individual lice change in order to survive exposure to permethrin; most lice become resistant to permethrin.
- Theory of Evolution. Please answer all question that is just one sentence each question. PART 2 1. Why is it necessary for you to include the effects of natural selection in your biodiversity report? 2. How will species adaptation and populations affect your part of the study? 3. What predictions can you make with regards to the population, adaptation, and natural selection of your selected area? 4. What lead you to reach these predictions? 5. What methods will you use to determine and analyse the population and evidence of adaptation/natural selection?The spread of antibiotic resistance genes is an example of evolution. Explain how this is evolution using the framework of natural selection. Make sure you include what genes are evolving and what is the selective agent or selective pressure.Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations? A. Horizontal gene transfer would increase B. The populations will begin colonizing new environments. C. The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in these populations. D. They will go extinct without the antibiotic. E. The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
- Pesticides can be used to control a variety of pests, such as insects, weeds, rodents, bacteria, fungi, etc. Over time many pesticides have gradually lost their effectiveness because pests have developed resistance – a significant decrease in sensitivity to a pesticide, which reduces the field performance of these pesticides. 1. Why do pesticides lose their effectiveness over time? Use the theory of natural selection and evolution to explain.Orange is growth of an evolved strain of bacteria and blue is its ancestor. Calculate: A) growth rate of evolved and growth rate of ancestor B) doubling time of the evolved and doubling time of the ancestor C) relative fitness of the evolved compared to the ancestor D) frequency of the evolved after 10 hours if the initial frequency of the ancestor is 0.5Maria has a sore throat. Her father takes her to the doctor and she is given an antibiotic. After ten days, Maria is still sick. Use the model seen here and describe what has happened to Maria in terms of natural selection. A) The medicine causes some bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. They survive and reproduce. B) Some of the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic. They survive and reproduce, keeping Maria sick. C) After being subjected to the antibiotics, some bacteria change and they can survive the medicine. Maria remains sick. D) In a population of bacteria, variation exists. The bacteria that have increased resistance to medicine outcompete the non-resistant bacteria for food. Not Graded