The carrier molecule in the ETC can bypass the next carrier in the chain and transfer electrons directly to oxygen producing two highly potent cellular toxins hydrogen peroxode and superoxide radical. What is this carrier molecule?
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The carrier molecule in the ETC can bypass the next carrier in the chain and transfer electrons directly to oxygen producing two highly potent cellular toxins hydrogen peroxode and superoxide radical. What is this carrier molecule?
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- Energy is required to reverse the flow of the electron transport chain. Why would this be so?What electrons carriers are associated with the electron transport chain? mark which are electron only carriers.What role does superoxide dismutase play in ameliorating the effects of reactive oxygen species? Options: A. It catalyzes the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and O2. B. It generates superoxide by reacting ubisemiquinone with O2. C. It synthesizes superoxide by transferring a free electron on to O2. D. It directly transforms superoxide into water.
- Which steps in the Krebs Cycle do the following processes occur? a. Reaction utilizes FADb. Reaction generates NADHc. CO2 is removedd. Reaction forms a new C-C single bonde. Reaction breaks a C-C bondWhich of the following statements are true? For each, explain why or why not. (a) All coenzymes are electrontransfer agents. (b) Coenzymes do not contain phosphorus or sulfur. (c) Generating ATP is a way of storing energy.What products of the citric acid cycle are needed for the electron transport chain? A) NADH/H+NADH/H+ and FADH2FADH2 B) NADH/H+NADH/H+ and HS−CoAHS−CoA C) FADH2FADH2 and HS−CoA
- In the electron transport chain (ETC), the electrons carried by an NADH molecule have the potential energy to create 2.5 ATP molecules while the electrons carried by an FADH₂ molecule have the potential energy to create only 1.5 ATP molecules. Please explain why this happens.The reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the ETS. What is the final electron acceptor of the ETS? What is the function of the H+ ion in ATP synthesis?Which of the following statements is TRUE in describing the activity of the lactaseenzyme? A. Lactase is converted to glucoseB. One lactase enzyme can catalyze many reactions C. The shape of lactase does not change during the reaction D. Lactase can function effectively at many different pH levels
- in one of the reactions in the electron transport chain, complex I transfer electrons to coenzyme Q. which molecule is reduced and which is oxidized in this reaction? a. complex I is reduced b/c it loses electrons, and Q is oxidized b/c it gains electrons b. complex I is oxidized b/c it loses electrons, and Q is reduced b/c it gains electrons c. complex I is reduced b/c it gains electrons, and Q is oxidized b/c it loses electrons d. complex 1 and Q are both oxidized b/c elections are moved from one molecule to the otherOne of the catalytic reactions that enzymes can perform is the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to another substrate. THe first step is the nucleophilic attack of the tertiary phosphate of ATP by the hydroxyl group on SERINE- draw this electrophilic attack.A student argued that aerobic and anaerobic respiration should produce the same amount of ATP. He reasoned that they both use basically the same process; only the terminal electron acceptor is different. What is the primary error in this student’s argument?