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- The SOo concentration in a stack is 500 ppm, the stack diameter is 12 ft, and the stack gas velocity is 65 ft/secl The gas temperature and pressure are 390 °F ami 1 atm. Calculate the approximate SO2 mass emission rate in Ih/day. (The atomic weight of S - 32 and the atomic weight of O « 16)a. 12,300 Ih/dayb. 16,400 Ih/daye. 24,600 Ih/dayd. 32,800 Ib/dayAluminum pieces inadvertently collect on the filter. a. If left on the filter, will the percent yield of the alum be reported as too high or as too low? Explain. b. If the aluminum pieces are detected on the filter, what steps would be used to remedy the observation? Explain.1. Industrial representatives claim that the NAAQS for S02 is so low that one exceeds it if one strikes a simple woodenmatch in a modest-sized room. Is this true?(a) Calculate the concentration (in µg/m3) expected for striking such a match in a room that is 15 ft by 15 ft by 8 ft. A typical2-inch wooden match contains ≃ 2.5 mg of sulfur.
- The concentration of SO2 measured at an air monitoring station was 8 mg/m3 at T=30 oC and 1 atm pressure. Does this value exceed the 1-hour, primary NAAQS for SO2Charcoal samples from Stonehenge in England wereburned in O2, and the resultant CO2 gas bubbled into asolution of Ca(OH)2 (limewater), resulting in the precipitationof CaCO3. The CaCO3 was removed by filtration anddried. A 788-mg sample of the CaCO3 had a radioactivityof 1.5x 10-2 Bq due to carbon-14. By comparison, livingorganisms undergo 15.3 disintegrations per minute pergram of carbon. Using the half-life of carbon-14, 5700 yr,calculate the age of the charcoal sample.The recommended threshold limit value (TLV-ACGIH) air concentration for occupational exposure to water-insoluble hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) is 0.01 mg/M3. This concentration assumes that the individual is generally healthy and is exposed for 8 hours per day 5 days per week (40 hour work week) over a working lifetime (that is from age 18 to 65 years). Assuming a body weight of 75 kg and an inhalation rate of 0.85 m3/h over the working life of the individual, a. What is the lifetime (75 y) CDI? b. Estimate the low-dose cancer risk from occupational inhalation exposure to hexavalent chromium Cr(VI).
- A smokestack emits pollutant Z into the air on a sunny day. The effective stack height is 270 m. The wind speed is 4 m/s, due east. Your house is located 4.0 km due east of the smokestack. The ground level concentration of pollutant A is 2.0 mg/m3at your house. Your friend lives 4.0 km east and 1.5 km south of the smokestack. a. What is the emission rate of the pollutant in kg/s? b. For the emission rate determined in part a, you now want to know the concentration of pollutant Z at ground level at your friend’s house. i. What parameters change in the dispersion modeling equation? For each parameter, include the parameter symbol, a definition of the parameter, and its new quantitative value and required units.ii. Is the concentration at your friend’s house lower, the same or higher than the concentration at your house and why? (you do not need to calculate the concentration) show all workEnvironmental Engineering: Cyanide is used in the production of intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry. A small resulting waste stream containing an organic cyanide, R-CN, is to be treated by high a temperature degradation process that has a constant rate of 8 hr-1 (at 170oC). What size of Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) is required to reduce the R-CN concentration from 2000mg/L to 5mg/L, for a waste stream with a flow rate of 30L/min? Assume temperature remains constant in the PFR.A 10 g sample of mixed MSW is combusted in a calorimeter having a heat capacity of 8850 cal/°C. The temperature increase in combustion is 3.35°C. Calculate the heat value of the sample in cal/g.
- You are in a smoky room for three hours and the CO concentration is 45 ppm. What %COHb did you experience? What health effects would you expect at this %COHb?The discharge from a food processing plant is the only source of BOD in a river. The oxygensag curve shows a minimum DO concentration of 3.0 mg/L. The DO concentrationimmediately downstream of the discharge is at saturation (10.0 mg/L). Other characteristics ofthe system are as follows: u = 60 miles/day; kr = 0.80 days-1; kd = 0.20 days-1.a. Currently the food processing plant does not treat the waste. What percent removal ofthe BOD would be required to ensure that the DO of the river at any locationdownstream of the plant is always greater than 5.0 mg/L?b. How far downstream would the lowest DO levels occur?c. What ultimate BOD concentration of the mixture of the river and waste immediatelydownstream of the discharge would result in a minimum DO concentration of 5.0mg/L?A Haldane modification of the Monod reaction is often used to describe the kinetics of substrate utilization when the substrate itself is toxic at high concentrations (phenol is an example of this). (1) Calculate the effluent concentration for a substrate exhibiting Haldane kinetics from a CSTR (continuously stirred tank reactor) and (2) compare this with the value if the substrate were not inhibitory (S2/Ki = 0) for the following conditions: V = 24 m3 Q = 9 m3/d S0 = 400 mg/L Y = 0.5 mg/mg q = 7.5 g/g•d K = 7 mg/L b = 0.1 d-1 Ki = 15 mg/L Hint: θx = (active biomass in the system)/(production rate of active biomass) = V/Q And 1/θx = (YqS)/(K + S + S2/Ki) – b