the consumer's hours of work? What does this have to say about what we would observe about the behaviour of actual consumers when wages change?
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- Course: Microeconomics - Intertemporal Consumption Decisions Consider a person who consumes in the 2 periods (C1 and C2), but ONLY works and earns an income in the first period (C1). Assume that consumption in each period behaves as a normal good.a) What is the effect of a rise in income on welfare? And on consumption in both periods? GRAPHb) What is the effect of a rise in the interest rate (assume that r goes from 10% to 15%) that occurs before the consumption decisions on welfare? GRAPH and on consumption in both periods?) GRAPHa. Discuss the assumptions of the Fisher’s Intertemporal Choice Model b. Using Fisher's Intertemporal Choice model, consider the following scenario:i. Suppose Milo earns $1,750 in the first period and $2,500 in the second period. If he consumes $1,200 in the first period and $1,550 in the second period, what is the interest rate? ii. Now if Milo’s consumption changes to $1,800 in the first period and $2,000 in the second period, what is the new interest rate? c. Graphically depict and explain the Consumer’s optimum in the Fisher’s Intertemporal Choice Model.Assuming a chocolate bar costs $4 each and a bottle of wine $25. a) Graphically depict (and provide an appropriate title) the behavior of the following three individuals according to a model we have studied and then given information: Alex with an income $1000, Sandra with an income of $750, and Bo with an income of $1200. b) Can you indicate the level of actual consumption given the information in the problem? If yes, why? If no, why not?
- In Irving Fisher’s two period model, if the consumer is initially a saver and the interestrate and the first period consumption increases, then we can conclude that the incomeeffect:a) Was greater than the substitution effectb) Was less than substitution effectc) Exact offset the substitution effectd) And the substitution effect both increased consumptionConsider an economy with two periods (interpreted as “when young” and “when old” periods)and two consumers, Gillian Davis and Joana Wolinsky. Gillian is a star ballet dancer with a lifetime income given by ωG= (400,0). Joana is an Econ Ph.D. student with incomeωJ= (0,400). Gillian and Joana have identical utility functions given by Ui(x1,x2) = 6 lnx1+ 3 lnx2 for i=G, J a) Plot an Edgeworth box and mark the initial endowment point. b) Write the general definition of Pareto efficient allocation (one sentence) and give the equivalent condition in terms of MRS (give formula). Check if this condition is satisfied for initial endowments. c) Derive the contract curve (write down the appropriate conditions and solve for the curve) and depict it in the Edgeworth box. d) Suppose Gillian and Joana can “trade” consumption in both periods at pricesp1,p2. Find the competitive equilibrium (6 numbers) and depict the equilibrium allocation in the Edgeworth box. e) Using the MRS condition from part b),…You are an economic advisor to the government. Discuss your opinion . a) How COVID-19 pandemic will affect the consumption behavior as well as the investment done by the firms and household for the next two years? b) What are the actions or policies that the government can implement to face this situation? please answers with analysis and --graph (if possible)
- Suppose that a consumer/investor has an initial endowment only for the current period, which is Eo =450. She may consume today or in the next period only (two-period model). The interest rate for borrowing and lending in the capital market is 5% (a)Depict the budget constraint for the investor in an inter-temporal consumption diagram! What is the maximum amount the consumer is able to consume in the next period? (b)The consumption preferences of the consumer/investor are best described by a square root function, defined over current and future consumption. What is his optimal consumption plan? Show your calculations! Depict the results in appropriate diagram. Which amount is invested in the capital market?Assumptions for all the questions: Private consumption is a function of disposable income and wealth (unless stated otherwise). Investment depends only on the real interest rate (unless stated otherwise). please present your answer using graphs and short explanations. Assume that the economy is open and that CF= 0. Assume that Y*< Yfull. Analyze the influence of the following events (analyze each event separately unless said otherwise) on the equlibrium outcomes. Use the diagrams and show the changes relative to the initial situation which you described in A. In each section show what will happen to output, real interest rate, net capital flow (CF), import surplus (IM-EX), real exchange rate, private consumption, investment and inflation rate in the short run and in the long run. a) Assume that we are in the initial situation of short-run equilibrium described above. The government decided to decrease taxes and increase bonds in order to increse household consumption. asume…Consider the intertemporal consumption problem of Mr Cronus between two periods, say this yearand next year. His utility function takes the form U (c1; c2) = pc1 +0:97pc2, where c1 and c2 arehis consumption this and next year respectively. It can be shown (and you do not have to) thatthis utility function satis es diminishing marginal rate of substitution.His yearly income is stable at 100 unit (let say a unit is ten-thousand). He faces di¤erent interestrates between borrowing and saving. Speci cally, the saving interest rate is 0:02, whereas theborrowing interest rate is 0:04.(a) Describe the budget set facing Mr Cronus.(b) Is Mr Cronus a borrower? Explain your answer.(c) Is Mr Cronus a saver? Explain your answer.
- (50 points) Consider the two-period economy with investment discussed in class. Forthe sake of simplicity, assume that the utility is time separable and that the per-periodutility is equal to:u(C) = log CAssume also that the technology to produce the consumption goods has constant returns to scale. Moreover, capital is the only input to production. Hence the currentperiod technology can be represented as:Y = zK1where Y , K, and z stand for output, capital and total factor productivity in the currentperiod. The future period technology is akin to the current period technology. There isno government expenditure in the current and future period so that G = 0 and G0 = 0.Finally there is full capital depreciation, namely δ = 1.(a) (10 points) Write down the social planner’s problem. State the variables withrespect to which the social planner maximises.(b) (10 points) Derive the first order conditions to the planner problem. Rearrangethere condition to find the conditions characterising the…Q3: Consider the national income model: Y = C + I0 + G0 + (X0 − M)............. (1) C = a + byd, (a > 0,0 < b < 1)....... (2) Yd = Y − T..................................... (3) T = T0 + ty.................................... (4) M = M0 + my................................ (5) Where: (T) = taxes, (t) = income tax rate Identify: 1/ Endogenous variable(s). 2/Exogenous variable(s). 3/ Conditional equation. 4/Behavioral equations. 5/ Definitionalequation. 6/ Constants., give the Economic meaning of them. 7/ Coefficients. give the Economic meaning of them.Please no written by hand solutions Data on before-tax income, taxes paid and consumption spending (on domestic goods and services) for the Simpson family in various years are given below. BEFORE-TAX INCOME ($) TAX PAID ($) CONSUMPTION SPENDING ($) 3000 3500 3700 4000 25 000 27 000 28 000 30 000 20 000 21 350 22 070 23 600 a. Graph the Simpsons's consumption function and find their household's marginal propensity to consume. b. How much would you expect the Simpsons to consume if their income was $32 000 and they paid taxes of $5000? c. Homer Simpson wins a lottery prize. As a result, the Simpson family increases its consumption by $1000 at each level of after-tax income. ('Income' does not include the prize money.) How does this change affect the graph of their consumption function? How does it affect their marginal propensity to consume?