The external marginal cost of producing coal is MCexternal = 4Q while the internal marginal cost is MCinternal = 4Q. The inverse demand for coal is given by P=1800 - Q. If the government taxed output at $4 per unit, what would a competitive industry produce?
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- a. (TRUR or FALSE) Labor can be a fixed cost? b. (CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER) One of the best examples of internalizing externalities is through (Donation, Loans, Subsidied or Sponsors) c. (CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER) If it costs Mary P500 to produce a product and Anne P600, the producer surplus when the price of the product is 800 is (300, 200, 400, 500)f the market for the resource were allowed to go to equilibrium in the first generation, without any regulation, what area(s) would represent(s) the user cost of the first generation? E B+C+D A+B+C+D A+B+C C+D+EResearchers in Westland and Eastland are developing better treatments for lycanthropy, which afflicts no other region in the world. Inhabitants of both countries benefit from better treatments regardless of which country conducts the research. The country specific marginal benefit from the research differs, however, due to differing prevalence of the disease as well as different trade-offs with respect to other potential uses of resources. In Westland the marginal benefit at Q researcher-years is P d W (Q) = 96 − 12Q and in Eastland P d E(Q) = 60 − 10Q, where the benefit is measured in Large Monetary Units (LMU). The cost of a researcher-year is a constant 20 LMUs in both countries. (a) What is the efficient amount of research? (b) Suppose one of the countries jumps ahead and commits to provide exactly half of the efficient amount in part 3a. Taking this as given, how much will the other country then provide? Consider both cases of either Westland or Eastland being the first mover. (c)…
- Plants A and B emit 12 tons and 6 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), respectively. MAC(marginal abatement costs) for a = 12 - Ea, MACb=12-2Eb MD(marginal damage) = 1/3*E (E indicates CO2 emission) Suppose that the emission trading system is introduced and the right to emit 7 tons is given to power plant A and the right to emit 5 tons is given to power plant B. At this time, explain how the price of CO2 credits is determined and how much each power plant buys or sells.ACME Industries produces steel near a river that nearby residents liked to swim. A by-product of steel produced by ACME Industries is toxic sludge that pollutes the river. Demand for steel by consumers in tonnes is given by QD = 90 - 5p. The Private Margiinal Cost per tonne of steel produced ACME Industries is given by the supply curve QS = 25p. Each tonne of steel produced creates external marginal damage on Wimmera of $1.20 due to decreased water quality. The government is considering imposing a tax on the market to correct the externality. 1. Before the imposition of a corrective tax, the equilibrium price is: 2. Before the imposition of a corrective tax, the equilibrium quality is: 3. To correct the externality, the government should tax per tonne of steel produced equal to:ACME Industries produces steel near a river that nearby residents liked to swim. A by-product of steel produced by ACME Industries is toxic sludge that pollutes the river. Demand for steel by consumers in tonnes is given by QD = 90 - 5p. The Private Margiinal Cost per tonne of steel produced ACME Industries is given by the supply curve QS = 25p. Each tonne of steel produced creates external marginal damage on Wimmera of $1.20 due to decreased water quality. The government is considering imposing a tax on the market to correct the externality. 4. Following imposition on collective tax, the equilibrium quality is: 5. What is the deadweight loss that occurs if the collective tax is not imposed? 6. What fraction of the economic incidence of the tax falls on steel consumers?
- Suppose that the supply curve for generating electricity for a coal power plant is given by P = 5000 + 1/2 * Q. Burning coal to operate the power plant produces poisonous sulfur dioxide gas, which imposes a $6000 cost for every gigawatt-hour of electricity produced on residents of the town near the plant. Demand for the electricity generated by the plant is given by 17000 - Q. What is the marginal benefit to society (MBS) of coal powered electricity?A firm has a division that produces chemical Y, whose average total costs are ATC = 50 + 2Q (where Q is the quantity of Y), and a marketing division that adds its own average total costs of ATC = 20 + 3Q. There is no external market price of Y. What should be the transfer price?An Accra Chemical Factory discharges waste products into a river. These wastes kill many tilapia that are swimming upstream to spawn. While there will no doubt be other ecological damages from the chemical effluent, we wish to focus on those of the fishery. Let E be the tonnes of chemical effluent discharged per month. The equation for Marginal Damages (MD) is MD = 6E. The firm’s Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) is given by MAC = 800 – 10E. a. Suppose the government invokes a liability law that requires polluters to compensate those damaged in an amount equal to the damages caused. Will the factory change its emission levels in response to the liability laws? Explain. b. If E* is the socially efficient level of emission, prove that reducing effluent to E* is a better strategy for the chemical factory than not reducing waster discharged and staying at E0.
- A chemical company can produce Q units of a chemical H, with marginal costs of MC = 9 + Q, and can distribute the chemical at marketing marginal costs of MC = 1. The demand for H is given by P = 30 - 1.5Q. If an external market exists where H can be bought or sold without marketing expenses for $13, how much H should the firm produce? 4 units 10 units 7 units 5 units 0 unitsA polluting firm’s marginal abatement cost is MACi = 50 – 0.25ei . If a regulator imposes a per-unit emissions tax of t = 10, what level of emissions does the firm choose under the tax? A polluting firm’s marginal abatement cost is MACi = 50 – 0.25ei . If a regulator imposes a per-unit emissions tax of t = 10, how many units did the firm abate relative to the unregulated environment?A vertically integrated firm has 2 divisions; upstream and downstream divisions. The upstream division produces chemical Y, whose average total cost is ATCU = 10 + 2QU, where QUis the quantity of Y. The downstream division has its own average total cost of ATC = 20 + 3Q where Q is the quantity of the firm’s final product. There is no external market. What is the transfer price (PU)? Question 55 options: PU = 10 + 2QU. PU = 10 + 4QU. PU = 20 + 3QU. PU = 20 + 6QU. None of the above.