The flute is typically about 26 inches long and as we have seen this week it is an open tube at both ends. There are holes which are closed or opened by fingering and valves that change its effective length, and the pattern and mechanisms to do this set various designs of flutes played now and in the past. Assume that the velocity of sound in warm moist air is 340 m/s. 1. Show that the resonant frequency of the flute without any open holes is close to middle C. Middle C is sometimes called "C4" and its frequency on the evenly tempered scale where A is 440 Hz is 261 Hz. 2. A flute finger hole is opened to force a node close to the point under the hole (actually, a little farther out). This has the effect of shortening the tube. Why does this increase the frequency? About where would the hole be to make the sound of A4, the standard reference frequency of modern music? 3. Guitar strings are tuned to 6 frequencies by selecting the string material's mass/length and adjusting the tension in the string.
Properties of sound
A sound wave is a mechanical wave (or mechanical vibration) that transit through media such as gas (air), liquid (water), and solid (wood).
Quality Of Sound
A sound or a sound wave is defined as the energy produced due to the vibrations of particles in a medium. When any medium produces a disturbance or vibrations, it causes a movement in the air particles which produces sound waves. Molecules in the air vibrate about a certain average position and create compressions and rarefactions. This is called pitch which is defined as the frequency of sound. The frequency is defined as the number of oscillations in pressure per second.
Categories of Sound Wave
People perceive sound in different ways, like a medico student takes sound as vibration produced by objects reaching the human eardrum. A physicist perceives sound as vibration produced by an object, which produces disturbances in nearby air molecules that travel further. Both of them describe it as vibration generated by an object, the difference is one talks about how it is received and other deals with how it travels and propagates across various mediums.
The flute is typically about 26 inches long and as we have seen this week it is an open tube at both ends. There are holes which are closed or opened by fingering and valves that change its effective length, and the pattern and mechanisms to do this set various designs of flutes played now and in the past. Assume that the velocity of sound in warm moist air is 340 m/s.
1. Show that the resonant frequency of the flute without any open holes is close to middle C. Middle C is sometimes called "C4" and its frequency on the evenly tempered scale where A is 440 Hz is 261 Hz.
2. A flute finger hole is opened to force a node close to the point under the hole (actually, a little farther out). This has the effect of shortening the tube. Why does this increase the frequency? About where would the hole be to make the sound of A4, the standard reference frequency of modern music?
3. Guitar strings are tuned to 6 frequencies by selecting the string material's mass/length and adjusting the tension in the string.
1 (E) 329.63 Hz E4
2 (B) 246.94 Hz B3
3 (G) 196.00 Hz G3
4 (D) 146.83 Hz D3
5 (A) 110.00 Hz A2
6 (E) 82.41 Hz E2
On each string, the frequency of the played note is altered by depressing the string against a fret. Each fret changes the frequency by a factor of [Math Error]21/12 such that with 12 of these steps the frequency is altered by 2. At which fret would the G string be depressed to give a frequency of middle C?
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