The following describes which helminthic parasite? A tiny nematode (roundworm) that lives in the human intestine; females migrate out of the anus at night to lay eggs. Most common helminthic infestation of humans in the US; spread in institutions and families through bedclothes and fingernails. Echinococcus Enterobius Diphylobothrium Trichinella None of the other four answers fit this description
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- Kaposi sarcoma occurs relatively rarely inpeople who are infected with humanherpesvirus 8, but are HIV-negative.How might an HIV infection increasethe odds of getting Kaposi sarcoma?“The SARS Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to cause respiratory tract infections and has been isolated from several bodily fluids. Although there is still no concrete evidence of an animal reservoir, the World Health Organization has prematurely classified the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, as a zoonotic disease”.2.1 In your own view, discuss the possible route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an animalsource to humansRheumatoid arthritis is defined as a chronic systemic disorderwith remissions and exacerbations, resulting in permanentjoint damage. Describe this disease in terms of manifesta-tions, etiology, predisposing factors, pathogenesis, andtreatments.
- Given your current understanding of what we have learned about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease it causes, CoVID-19, which of the following recommended practices make sense, based on the scientific knowledge you now have? Explain your answer for each: Remaining 6 feet away from other people, wearing non-medical masks, screening people for fevers before they can board planes or enter schools, not gathering in large groups.Which of the following is NOT true about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease it causes? Which option is the answer: 1. During Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a person is the most highly infectious for others during the period of peak viral load and symptoms 2. As it is transmitted through the global human population, the virus is highly genetically stable and does not change 3. Some people who become infected with SARS-CoV-2 will not develop signs and/or symptoms of disease 4. The severity of disease varies greatly, depending on age and/or underlying predisposing conditions 5. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may sometimes be more transmissible than previous strainsThe standard response to an outbreak of avian influenza consists offive steps: (1) Quarantine, (2) Eradicate, (3) Monitor, (4) Disinfect,and (5) Test. Explain the importance of each step in stopping thespread of the virus.
- Though the exact mechanism of a norovirus infection is not known, give a generalized account of how the norovirus could cause its signature symptoms, vomiting and diarrhea.What is the difference between a true pathogen and an opportunisticpathogen?a. True pathogens cause a disease in the presence of immunosuppressionwhereas opportunistic pathogens do not.b. Opportunistic pathogens develop virulence properties whereas truepathogens do not. c. The diseases associated with true pathogens may vary in presentationranging from mild to severe infections whereas opportunistic pathogensalways present in severe form.d. True pathogens cause disease in healthy individuals whereasopportunistic pathogens typically cause disease in clients who areimmunocompromised.Compare Ebola Virus to SARS-CoV2 with respect to the following parameters: Virus interactions with host innate immune system Virus interactions with host adaptive immune system Pathophysiological effects of viral infection
- Why is Zika virus disease considered dangerous even though itrarely kills?“The SARS Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to cause respiratory tract infections and has been isolated from several bodily fluids. Although there is still no concrete evidence of an animal reservoir, the World Health Organization has prematurely classified the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, as a zoonotic disease”.A report from the U.S. National Academy of Sciencesand the National Academy of Medicine is recommendingthat germ-line therapy trials only be consideredfor serious conditions for which there is no reasonablealternative treatment option, and where both the risk–benefit options and broad oversight are available. Is thiskind of procedure ethical?