Bacteria are often the preferred hosts for genetic engineering projects by splicing in novel genes from eukaryotes into plasmids, which are moved into competent bacteria. For instance, the gene for human insulin was isolated and moved into a bacterium, which can now produce the much-needed chemical. Previously, type 1 diabetics had to rely on professionals that gathered insulin from human cadavers, cows, and pigs. In order for this feat of genetic engineering to occur, researchers had to start with an unspliced mRNA transcript for h insulin. Agree/Disagree? Explain your response.

Bacteria are often the preferred hosts for genetic engineering projects by splicing in novel genes from eukaryotes into plasmids, which are moved into competent bacteria. For instance, the gene for human insulin was isolated and moved into a bacterium, which can now produce the much-needed chemical. Previously, type 1 diabetics had to rely on professionals that gathered insulin from human cadavers, cows, and pigs. In order for this feat of genetic engineering to occur, researchers had to start with an unspliced mRNA transcript for h insulin. Agree/Disagree? Explain your response.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6QP: Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical...

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Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?
Give a schematic diagram of how we can Treatment Thalassemia by using gene therapy? Please answer at your own words,please..
What is the first step in quantifying the relative amounts of mRNA in different tissues? Would this method be useful in determining which immune system genes might be over-expressed in severe Covid cases? Why or why not? Could quantitative PCR, which uses a DNA-binding dye, to show how many copies of the target DNA sequence could be used to quantify the amount of mRNA in a cell? Would you expect that a metabolically active tissue such as the liver would show more cDNA copies in such a method, compared to less metabolically active tissues such as skin cells? One reason that the types and amounts of mRNAs are quantified in different tissue types is to compare which genes are activated and which are inactive. It used to be thought that any gene that was transcribed was automatically translated. The discovery of RNA-degrading systems shows that the real situation in cells is more complemented. Do you believe that a larger amount of mRNA of a given type, say for alpha hemoglobin in…
Suppose a 10-year old patient has come to your office with a very rare disease. One so rare that only 100 people for the past 100 years have been diagnosed and nobody knows the gene or genes that are mutated in this disease. Describe the gene sequencing toold you would use to identify the mutated gene or genes in this hypothetical disease.
What are some possible reasons that researchers might be interested in identifying the gene that causes a genetic disease such as ICA? In other words, what benefits might result from this research?
With the many high throughput experiments that are used in biomedical research, how are some ways to integrate those datasets using systems biology? For example, if you had a microarray dataset that annotated gene expression levels and a proteomics dataset that identifed protein interactions, how could you jointly use both datasets to identify markers for a disease? Explain each step.
In order to manufacture insulin for patients with diabetes, scientists create recombinant DNA by inserting a human insulin gene into bacterial DNA and have the bacteria produce human insulin. Based on what you have learned in this unit about gene expression, what must the scientists do to the DNA sequence of the human insulin gene BEFORE inserting it into the bacteria, in order to have them produce the same insulin sequence that humans would produce? Explain.
Various strains of bacteria are able to transfer genes to eukaryotic hosts. This process of horizontal gene transfer often results in the formation of enzymes in the host organism that assist in metabolic pathways. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for why bacterial genes are able to successfully transfer genes that produce enzymes in eukaryotic cells? A - Bacteria and Eukarya have similar mechanisms for the formation and use of enzymes in metabolic processes. B - Bacteria and Eukarya use the same enzymes in all of their metabolic processes so the genes are interchangeable. C - Bacteria and Eukarya share similar reproductive mechanisms so the cells reproduce without recognizing foreign DNA. D - Bacteria and Eukarya have the same mechanism for replicating DNA so genes can easily be transferred between the two types of cells.
The amino acid asparagine is synthesized from aspartic acid by the enzyme asparagine synthetase (AS). In the previous problem you proposed a model for how this gene could be regulated. Suppose that you carry out an experiment to test your model. To do this you cut out the regulatory sequences upstream of the gene and fuse it to a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Now you can visually observe when the gene is activated. You insert this engineered gene into a host cell and look for GFP expression. You discover some mutants that have different expression levels of GFP and call them GFP1- and GFP2-. The expression levels of GFP are given below. Cell GFP expression Wild type 100 GFP1- 50 GFP2- 0 Propose an explanation for these results based on your model. In other words, what was mutated and how? This answer should include whether the mutation is (view links for more information): dominant or recessive https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21578/#A1877 in a cis…
The amino acid asparagine is synthesized from aspartic acid by the enzyme asparagine synthetase (AS). In the previous problem you proposed a model for how this gene could be regulated. Suppose that you carry out an experiment to test your model. To do this you cut out the regulatory sequences upstream of the gene and fuse it to a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Now you can visually observe when the gene is activated. You insert this engineered gene into a host cell and look for GFP expression. You discover some mutants that have different expression levels of GFP and call them GFP1- and GFP2-. The expression levels of GFP are given below. Cell GFP expression Wild type 100 GFP1- 50 GFP2- 0 Propose an explanation for these results based on your model. In other words, what was mutated and how? Your answer should include whether the mutation is (see links for more information): dominant or recessive https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21578/#A1877…
. You are interested in a eukaryotic protein involved in immunity, and you are attempting to express this protein in E. coli in order to produce large amounts of the protein. You have identified the gene and place a copy of the gene on a plasmid in E. coli next to a bacterial promoter sequence. You determine that lots of mRNA is made from your gene in your E. coli system, but the protein produced is larger and doesn't have the same properties as the eukaryotic protein you expected. What mistake have you made and how can you fix it?
Because genetic engineering involves the modification of an organism's set of instructions, it has created a dilemma raising both moral and ethical concerns. For instance, a biotechnological company has found a way to produce rice that is immune to pests and diseases, which is vital for the establishment of food security. However, the methods that will be implemented are by splicing off the genes of endangered pandas using invasive procedures that may harm their population. Will you support this? Why or why not? Limit your answers to 5 sentences or less. Be brief and concise.