The highly branched structures of neurons would seem to make it almost inevitable that they should make unproductive synapses with themselves, yet they manage to avoid this outcome very effectively. How is this accomplished in vertebrates?
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Q: the bacterium clostridium tetani produce a toxin called tetanospasmin, the causative agent os the…
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The highly branched structures of neurons would seem to make it almost inevitable that they should make unproductive synapses with themselves, yet they manage to avoid this outcome very effectively. How is this accomplished in vertebrates?
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- Stellate cells initially process sensory input to the cortex, whereas pyramidal cells send fibers from the cortex to terminate on efferent motor neurons. (True or false)Many neurons have only a single axon, but many terminals at the end of the axon. How does this end structure of the axon support its function?Neuron 1 fires an action potential, releasing neurotransmitters to neuron 2. However, neuron 2 does not fire an action potential itself. Explain two possible reasons for this observation.
- What is one reason why most neurons are amiotic?Neuron 1 fires an action potential, releasing neurotransmitters to neuron 2. However, neuron 2 does not fire an action potential itself. Write: Explain two possible reasons for this observation.With respect to the three structural types of neurons (unipolar, bipolar & multipolar): State which parts of each type of neuron receive information, which parts integrate information, and which parts conduct the output signal of the neuron. Describe the location of the cell bodies of each type of neuron within the nervous system.
- In the central nervous system there may be many synaptic inputs on a postsynaptic neurons. How does the postsynaptic neuron respond to the many presynaptic inputs?"Hebb's Rule" says, in effect, that a neuron that is repeatedly activated will have an increasingly powerful effect on all of its neighbours. neurons that are repeatedly activated together become more strongly connected. neurons that are strongly connected are likely to become activated at the same time. neurons that are strongly connected are typically found in the cortex.Besides the standard post- and pre-synapse that exchange information, non neuronal cell types also play a role in synaptic transmission. One of those are called astrocytes and can form a tripartite synapse. Explain the roles of astrocytes in synaptic transmission.
- the bacterium clostridium tetani produce a toxin called tetanospasmin, the causative agent os the disease tetanus. the toxin prevents the release of inhibitory transmitters in the CNS and so blocks the resulting IPSPs they would normally generate. what are some of the functions of inhibitory synapses? considering this what symptoms would you expect from the disease tetanus, and why? ( hint: imagine trying to stand up if all of the muscles in your lower limb contracted at the same time.)At a synapse, opening one sodium channel (for the normal duration before closing) causes a small depolarization. Opening a handful of sodium channels may cause a larger depolarization. Opening more channels may lead to an even larger depolarization, up to a point. Then the depolarization would be the same regardless of how many other sodium channels opened. Explain why the number of open channels increases the depolarization, and why it doesn’t matter beyond a certain point.Neuron 1 fires an action potential, releasing neurotransmitters to neuron 2. However, neuron 2 does not fire an action potential itself. Write: Explain two possible reasons for neuron 2 not firing.