The image below presents the results of an experiment comparing the effect of Gentamicin and three concentrations of Acetic acid on Escherichia coli. Based on your knowledge about the disk Diffusion method, and the results of the experiment, what would be your recommendation on the use of Acetic acid to control E. coli? 1% acetic acid 5% acetic acid gentamicin 2% acetic acid
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- One of the early results shows that the post-centrifugation pellet of encapsulated cells also contains EA1 and/or Sap. Why is this not proof that Bacillus anthracis cells have both an S-layer and a capsule simultaneously? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/For a laboratory exercise of antibiotic susceptibility test in a disk-diffusion method. With reference to the table below, determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of different antibiotics against E.coli and S.aureus.Consider the photos here which demonstrate antibiotic sensitivities of Staphylococcus aureus strains as determined by the Kirby-Bauer method. Abbreviations are as follows: C = chloramphenicol; CC = clindamycin; CZ = cefazolin; E = erythromycin; NOR = norfloxacin; OX = oxacillin; P = penicillin; RA = rifampin; SAM = sulbactam-ampicillin; SXT = sulfatrimethoprim; TE = tetracycline; VA = vancomycin. Imagine that only two cellular changes occurred in the original strain (the first image, on the top) that resulted in the resistance pattern of the strain in the second image (on the bottom). Which combination of mechanisms could explainthese results?Choose one or more: A.expression of efflux pumps B.overproduction of PABA C.production of β-lactamase D.altered penicillin-binding protein E.modification of either 50S or 30S ribosomal subunits F.altered DNA gyrase
- Hypothetically make the Dichotomous key for Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus, Megaterium, Bacillus cereus, E.coli, Serratia Marcescens, and Enterobacter aerogenes based on colony morphology. results of catalase test, (lactose, sucrose and glucose fermentation tests) and other biochemical tests for its accurate identification.The following results were obtained from a disk diffusion test for a strain of Escherichia coli. Chemotherapeutic Zone of inhibition (mm) A 7 B 10 C 18 D 3 Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against this E. coli strain? ***Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against Staphylococcus aureus? Explain your answer.Which bacterial culture (Lb. plantarum, P. acidilactici, or P. pentosaceus) was most effective against monocytogenes and Salmonella? Explain why. What are the limitations of using an agar disk diffusion assay to assess the effectiveness of an antiseptic, disinfectant, or, in this case, a biological control agent on the growth of bacteria of interest?
- Differentiate Streptolysin O from Streptolysin S. What titer is significant for streptococcal infection? Discuss the principle behind ASO titration method based on Neutralization reaction.A culture of S. cerevisea has an overnight OD of 2.3 (1.0 OD is approx 1.0x107 cells/ml) You will be plating 100µl onto agar and want the final count of colonies on the plate to be around 300 colonies. How much of the 2.3 OD culture must you use to get a 500µl subdilution (with sterile water), so that you have diluted enough to get approx 300 colonies per 100ulEscherichia coli Mycobacterium phlei Bacillus Micrococcus subtilis luteus A B Figure 1: Agar Slant Cultures of Bacteria (Gary E. Kaiser, Ph.D.- Professor of Microbiology) . Observe and describe the colour of the slant cultures (A-D) in fig 1. ( . Define the following terms: pure culture, sterile medium, inoculum, aseptic technique, and colony. What is the name of the cultures that you used . Where they gram negative or positive Define the following terms: psychrophile, mesophile, thermophile, and hyperthermophile.
- http://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=3&brch=73&sim=1628&cnt=1 Explain how the Kirby-Bauer method relies on diffusion of antibioticsNitrate reduction test can be used to differentiate between Pseudomonads and Enterobacteriaceae. You inoculated your Nitrate broth with your unknown; after incubation, you added 5 drops of reagent A and 5 drops of reagent B. You observe a red color within 2 minutes. Is this a + or a - reaction? Assuming you did not get a red color, you then added a pinch of Zinc and this time tou obtained a red color. What does this mean?In the context of flow cytometry data: It is clear that Lactobacillus cells can be detected based on their FSC (forward scatter) and SSC (side scatter) signal since it is above the noise. Thus, they could be quantified using these parameters without staining. Give two reasons as to why anyone would bother SYBRGreen (SG) staining samples that contain heterotrophs?