The partitioning method yields what values for (A), (B), and (C)? Inputs: none Outputs: y, z S yz = 10 yz = 11 A= 11, B=t, C = G1 O A = 10, B = t, C = G1 O A11, Bs, C = G2 O A = 10, B = s, C = G2 yz = 10 G1 yz = (A) G2 y = 11 State (B) u State Next state: Group t: (C) + Next state: Group
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- implement byteSwap(x,n,m) Swap the m and n byte of x /* * byteSwap - swaps the nth byte and the mth byte* Examples: byteSwap(0x12345678, 1, 3) = 0x56341278* byteSwap(0xDEADBEEF, 0, 2) = 0xDEEFBEAD* You may assume that 0 <= n <= 3, 0 <= m <= 3* Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>* Max ops: 25*/ int byteSwap(int x, int n, int m) {return 2;}A grid needs a system for numbering the tiles in order to allow random-access lookup.For instance, the rows and columns of a square grid provide a natural numbering for the tiles. Create plans for hexagonal and triangular grids. Create a rule for identifying the neighbourhood (i.e., nearby tiles) of a certain tile in the grid using the numbering scheme. For instance, the neighbourhood of tile I j in a four-connected square grid with indices of I for rows and j for columns may be described as neighbourhood(i, j) = I 1, j, I j 1.Implement a class RLE that uses fixed-length encoding, to compress ASCII bytestreams using relatively few different characters, includingthe code as part of the encoded bitstream. Add code to compress() to make a stringalpha with all the distinct characters in the message and use it to make an Alphabet foruse in compress(), prepend alpha (8-bit encoding plus its length) to the compressedbitstream, then add code to expand() to read the alphabet before expansion.
- Suppose a Genetic Algorithm uses chromosomes of the form x=abcdef with a fixed length of six genes.Each gene can be any digit between 0 and 9 . Let the fitness of individual x be calculated as : f(x) =(a+b)-(c+d)-(e+f) And let the initial population consist of four individuals x1, ... ,x4 with the following chromosomes : x1 = 3 5 3 2 6 5, x2 = 9 8 0 1 2 2, x3 = 1 2 2 1 2 3, x4 = 7 9 2 3 1 1 1. 1.Evaluate the fitness of each individual, showing all your workings, and arrange them in order with the fittest first and the least fit last. 2. calculate the average fitness. 3. Perform the following crossover operations:a- Cross the fittest two individuals using one point crossover at the middle point.b- Cross the second and third fittest individuals using a two point crossover (points b and e). Suppose the new population consists of the four offspring individuals received by the crossover operations in the above question. Evaluate the fitness of the new population, showing all your…You are given a string X of length n and another string Y of length m ≤n. Say,the indexes p1, p2, p3, p4 and q1, q2, q3, q4 form two sub-sequences, i.e., 0 ≤ p1 < p2 < p3 < p4 < nand 0 ≤q1 < q2 < q3 < q4 < n; then, they are non-overlapping if p4 < q1.The task is to count the maximum number of non-overlapping sub-sequences of X that are thesame as Y . Thus, if X = GAXTYAWBGTAUGBTABGRGTAXB and Y = GTAB, then the answer is3 as shown by the red fonts. We cannot select the underlined GTAB as it overlaps with a red GTAB(i.e., among overlapping sub-sequences, you can select only one of them).Describe an O(m + n) time algorithm to obtain the count. Write a pseudo-code.The parity function is a very simple hash function producing a one-bit digest, which is 0 if the number of bits in the message is even and 1 if it is odd. Consider a communication system that uses 7 bits out of every byte to transmit data, and reserves the 8th bit (the one on the right) to transmit the parity of the other seven bits, for purposes of error checking. Below is the binary representation of some bytes that were transmitted using this system. For each one, tell whether there is a reason to suspect an error in transmission, giving the reason for your answer. 10110011 11101111 10101100 00110011
- In a special case of a permutation cipher, we take a message, M, and write its letters in an s× t table, in a row-major fashion, and then let the ciphertext be a column-major listing of the entries in the table. For example, to encrypt the message ATTACKATDAWN, using a 3 × 4 table, we would write the message as ATTA CKAT DAWN and then write down the ciphertext as ACDTKATAWATN. The secret key in this cryptosystem is the pair (s, t). How is decryption done in this cryptosystem? Also, how hard would it be to attack this cryptosystem using a ciphertext-only attack?Implement the first round of AES ( Advanced Encryption Standard ) in python. Given a message with 128 bits, two subkeys subkey0 and subkey1, your program should be able to perform one AddKey before Round 1 and the corresponding operations (SubBytes, ShiftRows, Mix-Columns, and AddKey) in Round 1, and output the result of the encryption after Round 1.Please answer this question- Implement Floyd's algorithm for the Shortest Path on your system, and study its performance using different graphs. Side note- Below I have attached Floyd's Algorithm for Shortest Paths. please use java language for coding java file - should start with your Last Name, Like SmithClubApp, PetrowskiTravelLogApp, for your class short paragraph should include- -description of the java file -what it does? -what is the input data? expected output, samples of both
- “Hamming,” will read in an integer “k” and a bit string “s” from the command line, calculate the “Hamming Distances,” and prints all bit strings that have Hamming distance of “k” from “s.” Note: The Hamming Distance is equal to the number of bits in which the two strings differ. A sample run would be as follows. >java Hamming 2 00111111 1001 1010 0101 0110 0000implement getbyte function. getByte(x,n) Extract byte n from word x /* * getByte - Extract byte n from word x* Bytes numbered from 0 (LSB) to 3 (MSB)* Examples: getByte(0x12345678,1) = 0x56* Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>* Max ops: 6*/int getByte(int x, int n) {return 2;}CRYPTOGRAPHY.In this problem we will work through a round of DES. For notational simplicity, assume it is the first round. Please enter all answers as strings of 0's and 1's. The input is the 64 bit block 00000000000000100000000000000010000001000000010001000000000000000000000000000010000000000000001000000100000001000100000000000000 Suppose that the subkey for the current round is this 48 bit number: 000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000 What does the 64 bit state look like after the IP transformation is applied to the input? Now find L0L0 and R0R0, the left and right halves of the state.L0=L0= R0=R0= What is the result of applying the expansion box to R0R0? E(R0)=E(R0)= What is the result of XORing the subkey with E(R0)E(R0)? k1⊕E(R0)=k1⊕E(R0)= We now apply the S-box transformation. S(k1⊕E(R0))=S(k1⊕E(R0))= Finally we apply the permutation box to complete the function ff. f(R0)=P(S(k1⊕E(R0)))=f(R0)=P(S(k1⊕E(R0)))= We…