The phrase "the greatest good for the greatest number" embodies which of the following concepts studied in the module: O Social optimality of market equilibria. O Pareto optimality. O Utilitarian social welfare functions. O Rawlsian social welfare functions. O More than one of the above. O No Answer
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- Social efficiency requires that, if Q 1 units are bought and sold in a market, then the ____ of Q 1 equals the social marginal cost of Q 1. A. Pareto-efficiency B. social welfare C. social marginal benefit D. social net-gainConsider the claim that the market interaction of individually rational agents leads to an outcome that is socially rational. Address the following questions: In what sense is the above claim true? Explain what means that agents are individually rational and that the market outcome is socially rational as part of your answer. Identify at least two essential conditions that a market must satisfy for the claim to be true. (i.e.: the conditions must be necessary and sufficient for the claim to be true). Explain why the claim should be true when these two conditions are satisfied. Explain why the claim would no longer be true for markets that do not satisfy these two conditions, separately focusing on each one of the cases in which the claim is not true. For those cases in which the claim is not true, describe government interventions that may help the market outcome to become socially rational in some sense.There are two communities of 100 indivuduals. In community A, everyone’s utility is 1. In community B, utility of one individual is 0, 98 individuals have a utility of 1 each, and utility of one individual is 10. What is the value of the utilitarian social welfare function for each community. From a utilitarian standpoint, which community has a higher level of collective welfare?
- The ‘Rawlsianism’ approach to social welfare improvement is based on a ‘Pareto improvement’ principle. Do you agree? Explain.What is the usefulness of the Edgeworth Box and Contract Curve in explaining Pareto Optimality?The market mechanism that yields an efficient outcome tries on all of the following actions EXCEPT a) consumers act in their own self interest to maximize their consumption b) firms act in their own self interest to maximize profit c) firms coordinate with each other on price d) firms compete with each other for consumer purchases
- Indicate whether the following statements are True or False. Support your answer with an explanation or a diagram. The First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics states that the competitive equilibrium, where supply equals demand, can always be achieved through government intervention. A utilitarian social welfare function implies that income redistribution reduces social welfareA price ____________ is established for the affordable housing market to help lower-income families; however, one of the unintended outcomes is __________________. Question 2 options: floor; rationing of such housing that can affect negatively those who need it the most. ceiling; rationing of such housing that can affect negatively those who need it the most. floor; eliminating the housing shortage that exists in the market. ceiling; eliminating the housing shortage that exists in the marketEvaluate “Governments use force in order to solve the collective actions problems required to provide public goods, though this might theoretically be a Pareto Improvement, it is unlikely to be Kaldor Hicks"
- In a pure free-market: Question 7 options: A) firms are guaranteed to survive since the government stands ready to subsidize losses. B) firms can either make a profit, break even, or suffer losses since there are no guarantees of success. C) firms seldom settle for the market price for their product since the law permits them to set their prices as they please. D) shortages and surpluses of goods are the norm since there is no way to get the cooperation of dozens of individual business people and thousands of customers since they can do as they please.Suppose a firm A produces a product q, but also pollution x that affects a second firm B. Firm A is a competitive firm and faces an equilibrium price of £12 for its product. The cost function of firm A is . Firm B is a competitive firm and faces an equilibrium price of £10. Firm B’s cost function is . A. Compute the equilibrium prices and quantities and the profits of the two separate, competitive firms. Interpret the first order conditions. Explain. b) Compute the social optimum, that is, the equilibrium prices, quantities, and profit when firm A and B are merged. Interpret the conditions and compare it to the solution in (a). Explain. c) Devise a quantity tax on product q for firm A in (a) such that the government can restore the social optimum in (b).What does the Pareto efficiency criterion state? A. An allocation of resources is efficient if it maximizes government revenue B. An allocation of resources is efficient if it maximizes producer surplus C. An allocation of resources is efficient if it is impossible to make someone better off without making someone else worse off D. An allocation of resources is efficient if it allocates resources equally among all individuals