The plots show changes in the frequency of allele A1 during population genetic simulations (allele frequency through time plots). The sets of runs in the two panels differed in only one variable. What was the difference? 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 O The A1 mutation rate was less on the right O Balancing selection slowed the increase in A1 frequency on the right O Selection is weaker in the right panel O Selection is stronger in the right panel 5000 6000 7000 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

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Genetic Variation

Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.

Quantitative Genetics

Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.