The problem: A 13 mm-diameter tensile specimen has a 50 mm gauge length. The load corresponding to the 0.2 percent offset is 6800 kg and the maximum load is 8400 kg. Fracture occurs at 7300 kg. The diameter after fracture is 8 mm and the gauge length at fracture is 65 mm. a) Calculate the standard mechanical properties of the used specimen in the tension test, first determine the standard properties and then calculated them? This includes computation each of: Yield strength. Ultimate tensile strength. Fracture stress. Ductility (percent of elongation and reduction in cross section area). b) If E = 207 GPa, estimate the elastic recoverable strain at maximum load? c) By using the same conditions of the above test, Discussion the possibility to replace the metallic sample with ceramic sample?
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
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