The radioactive decay of thorium-232 occurs in multiplesteps, called a radioactive decay chain. The second productproduced in this chain is actinium-228. Which of the followingprocesses could lead to this product starting withthorium-232?(a) Alpha decay followed by beta emission(b) Beta emission followed by electron capture(c) Positron emission followed by alpha decay(d) Electron capture followed by positron emission(e) More than one of the above is consistent with the observedtransformation.

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