The report “Daily Cigarette Use: Indicators on Children and Youth" (Child Trends Data Bank, childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/03 _Smoking_new.pdf, retrieved April 17, 2017) included the accompanying data on the percentage of students who report smoking cigarettes daily, for students in grades 8, 10, and 12. Construct a time series plot for students in grade 12, and comment on any trend over time. Construct a time series plot that shows trends over time for each of the three grade levels. Graph each of the three-time series on the same set of axes, using different colors to distinguish the different grade levels. Either label the time series in the plot or include a legend to indicate which time series corresponds to which grade level. Write a paragraph based on the plot from Part (b). Discuss the similarities and differences for the three grade levels
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
The report “Daily Cigarette Use: Indicators on Children and Youth" (Child Trends Data Bank, childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/03 _Smoking_new.pdf, retrieved April 17, 2017) included the accompanying data on the percentage of students who report smoking cigarettes daily, for students in grades 8, 10, and 12.
- Construct a time series plot for students in grade 12, and comment on any trend over time.
- Construct a time series plot that shows trends over time for each of the three grade levels. Graph each of the three-time series on the same set of axes, using different colors to distinguish the different grade levels. Either label the time series in the plot or include a legend to indicate which time series corresponds to which grade level.
- Write a paragraph based on the plot from Part (b). Discuss the similarities and differences for the three grade levels
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