The same mechanism that allows fishes to float in water, hot-air balloons to fly in the air, and for ships to float in the sea despite carrying tonnes of weight has supposedly helped Archimedes (287 BC to 212BC) to find out that the crown (or wreath) of King Hiero II was not made of pure gold, which meant that the king was cheated on by the craftsman of the crown. What is the underlying physics?

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