University Physics Volume 1 18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168277
Author: William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
1 Units And Measurement 2 Vectors 3 Motion Along A Straight Line 4 Motion In Two And Three Dimensions 5 Newton's Law Of Motion 6 Applications Of Newton's Laws 7 Work And Kinetic Energy 8 Potential Energy And Conservation Of Energy 9 Linear Momentum And Collisions 10 Fixed-axis Rotation 11 Angular Momentum 12 Static Equilibrium And Elasticity 13 Gravitation 14 Fluid Mechanics 15 Oscillations 16 Waves 17 Sound Chapter16: Waves
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 16.1CYU: Check Your Understanding When a guitar string is plucked, the guitar string oscillates as a result... Problem 16.2CYU: Check Your Understanding The propagation velocity of a transverse or longitudinal mechanical wave... Problem 16.3CYU: Check Your Understanding The wave function above is derived using a sine function. Can a cosine... Problem 16.4CYU: Check Your Understanding The wave equation 2y(x,t)x2=1v22y(x,t)t2 works for any wave of the form... Problem 16.5CYU: Check Your Understanding The wave speed of a wave on a string depends on the tension and the linear... Problem 16.6CYU: Check Your Understanding Is the time-averaged power of a sinusoidal wave on a string proportional to... Problem 16.7CYU: Check Your Understanding The equations for the wavelengths and the frequencies of the modes of a... Problem 1CQ: Give one example of a transverse wave and one example of a longitudinal wave, being careful to note... Problem 2CQ: A sinusoidal transverse wave has a wavelength of 2.80 m. It takes 0.10 s for a portion of the string... Problem 3CQ: What is the difference between propagation speed and the frequency of a mechanical wave? Does one or... Problem 4CQ: Consider a stretched spring, such as a slinky. The stretched spring can support longitudinal waves... Problem 5CQ: Consider a wave produced on a stretched spring by holding one end and shaking it up and down. Does... Problem 6CQ: A sinusoidal, transverse wave is produced on a stretched spring, having a period T. Each section of... Problem 7CQ: An electromagnetic wave, such as light, does not require a medium. Can you think of an example that... Problem 8CQ: If you were to shake the end of a taut spring up and down 10 times a second, what would be the... Problem 9CQ: If you shake the end of a stretched spring up and down with a frequency f, you can produce a... Problem 10CQ: Does the vertical speed of a segment of a horizontal taut string through which a sinusoidal,... Problem 11CQ: In this section, we have considered waves that move at a constant wave speed. Does the medium... Problem 12CQ: If you drop a pebble in a pond you may notice that several concentric ripples are produced, not just... Problem 13CQ: If the tension in a string were increased by a factor of four, by what factor would the wave speed... Problem 14CQ: Does a sound wave move faster in seawater or fresh water, if both the sea water and fresh water are... Problem 15CQ: Guitars have strings of different linear mass density. If the lowest density string and the highest... Problem 16CQ: Shown below are three waves that were sent down a string at different times. The tension in the... Problem 17CQ: Electrical power lines connected by two utility poles are sometimes heard to hum when driven into... Problem 18CQ: Two strings, one with a low mass density and one with a high linear density are spliced together.... Problem 19CQ: Consider a string with under tension with a constant linear mass density. A sinusoidal wave with an... Problem 20CQ: Circular water waves decrease in amplitude as they move away from where a rock is dropped. Explain... Problem 21CQ: In a transverse wave on a string, the motion of the string is perpendicular to the motion of the... Problem 22CQ: The energy from the sun warms the portion of the earth facing the sun during the daylight hours. Why... Problem 23CQ: The intensity of a spherical waves decreases as the wave moves away from the source. If the... Problem 24CQ: An incident sinusoidal wave is sent along a string that is fixed to the wall with a wave speed of v.... Problem 25CQ: A string of a length of 2.00 m with a linear mass density of =0.006 kg/m is attached to the end of a... Problem 26CQ: A long, tight spring is held by two students, one student holding each end. Each student gives the... Problem 27CQ: Many of the topics discussed in this chapter are useful beyond the topics of mechanical waves. It is... Problem 28CQ: A string of a constant linear mass density is held taut by two students, each holding one end. The... Problem 29CQ: A truck manufacturer finds that a strut in the engine is failing prematurely. A sound engineer... Problem 30CQ: Why do roofs of gymnasiums and churches seem to fail more than family homes when an earthquake... Problem 31CQ: Wine glasses can be set into resonance by moistening your finger and rubbing it around the rim of... Problem 32CQ: Air conditioning units are sometimes placed on the roof of homes in the city. Occasionally, the air... Problem 33CQ: Consider a standing wave modeled as y(x,t)=4.00cmsin(3m1x)cos(4s1t) . Is there a node or an antinode... Problem 34P: Storms in the South Pacific can create waves that travel all the way to the California coast, 12,000... Problem 35P: Waves on a swimming pool propagate at 0.75 m/s. You splash the water at one end of the pool and... Problem 36P: Wind gusts create ripples on the ocean that have a wavelength of 5.00 cm and propagate at 2.00 m/s.... Problem 37P: How many times a minute does a boat bob up and down on ocean waves that have a wavelength of 40.0 m... Problem 38P: Scouts at a camp shake the rope bridge they have just crossed and observe the wave crests to be 8.00... Problem 39P: What is the wavelength of the waves you create in a swimming pool if you splash your hand at a rate... Problem 40P: What is the wavelength of an earthquake that shakes you with a frequency of 10.0 Hz and gets to... Problem 41P: Radio waves transmitted through empty space at the speed of light (v=c=3.00108m/s) by the Voyager... Problem 42P: Your ear is capable of differentiating sounds that arrive at each ear just 0.34 ms apart, which is... Problem 43P: (a) Seismographs measure the arrival times of earthquakes with a precision of 0.100 s. To get the... Problem 44P: A Girl Scout is taking a 10.00-km hike to earn a merit badge. While on the hike, she sees a cliff... Problem 45P: A quality assurance engineer at a frying pan company is asked to qualify a new line of... Problem 46P: A pulse can be described as a single wave disturbance that moves through a medium. Consider a pulse... Problem 47P: A transverse wave on a string is modeled with the wave function... Problem 48P: Consider the wave function y(x,t)=(3.00cm)sin(0.4m1x+2.00s1t+10) . What are the period, wavelength,... Problem 49P: A pulse is defined as y(x,t)=e2.77( 2.00( x2.00m/s ( t ) ) 5.00m)2 . Use a spreadsheet, or other... Problem 50P: A wave is modeled at time t=0.00s with a wave function that depends on position. The equation is... Problem 51P: A wave is modeled with the function y(x,t)=(0.25m)cos(0.30m1x0.90s1t+3) . Find the (a) amplitude,... Problem 52P: A surface ocean wave has an amplitude of 0.60 m and the distance from trough to trough is 8.00 m. It... Problem 53P: A wave is modeled by the wave function y(x,t)=(0.30m)sin[24.50m(x18.00mst)] . What are the... Problem 54P: A transverse wave on a string is described with the wave function y(x,t)=(0.50cm)sin(1.57m1x6.28s1t)... Problem 55P: A swimmer in the ocean observes one day that the ocean surface waves are periodic and resemble a... Problem 56P: Consider a wave described by the wave function y(x,t)=0.3msin(2.00m1x628.00s1t) . (a) How many... Problem 57P: Consider two waves defined by the wave functions y1(x,t)=0.50msin(23.00mx+24.00st) and... Problem 58P: Consider two waves defined by the wave functions y1(x,t)=0.20msin(26.00mx24.00st) and... Problem 59P: The speed of a transverse wave on a string is 300.00 m/s, its wavelength is 0.50 m, and the... Problem 60P: Transverse waves are sent along a 5.00-m-long string with a speed of 30.00 m/s. The string is under... Problem 61P: A copper wire has a density of =8920 kg/m3, a radius of 1.20 mm, and a length L. The wire is held... Problem 62P: A piano wire has a linear mass density of =4.95103 kg/m. Under what tension must the string be kept... Problem 63P: A string with a linear mass density of =0.0060 kg/m is tied to the ceiling. A 20-kg mass is tied to... Problem 64P: A cord has a linear mass density of =0.0075 kg/m and a length of three meters. The cord is plucked... Problem 65P: A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N... Problem 66P: Two strings are attached to poles, however the first string is twice as long as the second. If both... Problem 67P: Two strings are attached to poles, however the first string is twice the linear mass density mu of... Problem 68P: Transverse waves travel through a string where the tension equals 7.00 N with a speed of 20.00 m/s.... Problem 69P: Two strings are attached between two poles separated by a distance of 2.00 m as shown below, both... Problem 70P: Two strings are attached between two poles separated by a distance of 2.00 meters as shown in the... Problem 71P: The note E4 is played on a piano and has a frequency of f=393.88 . If the linear mass density of... Problem 72P: Two transverse waves travel through a taut string. The speed of each wave is v=30.00 m/s. A plot of... Problem 73P: A sinusoidal wave travels down a taut, horizontal string with a linear mass density of =0.060 kg/m .... Problem 74P: The speed of a transverse wave on a string is v=60.00 m/s and the tension in the string is FT=100.00... Problem 75P: A string of length 5 m and a mass of 90 g is held under a tension of 100 N. A wave travels down the... Problem 76P: Ultrasound of intensity 1.50102W/m2 is produced by the rectangular head of a medical imaging device... Problem 77P: The low-frequency speaker of a stereo set has asurface area of A=0.05 m2 and produces 1 W of... Problem 78P: To increase the intensity of a wave by a factor of 50, by what factor should the amplitude be... Problem 79P: A device called an insolation meter is used to measure the intensity of sunlight. It has an area of... Problem 80P: Energy from the Sun arrives at the top of Earth’s atmosphere with an intensity of 1400 W/m2. How... Problem 81P: Suppose you have a device that extracts energy from ocean breakers in direct proportion to their... Problem 82P: A photovoltaic array of (solar cells) is 10.0% efficient in gathering solar energy and converting it... Problem 83P: A microphone receiving a pure sound tone feeds an oscilloscope, producing a wave on its screen. If... Problem 84P: A string with a mass of 0.30 kg has a length of 4.00 m. If the tension in the string is 50.00 N, and... Problem 85P: The power versus time for a point on a string (=0.05kg/m) in which a sinusoidal traveling wave is... Problem 86P: A string is under tension FT1. Energy is transmitted by a wave on the string at rate P1by a wave of... Problem 87P: A 250-Hz tuning fork is struck and the intensity at the source is I1at a distance of one meter from... Problem 88P: A sound speaker is rated at a voltage of P=120.00 V and a current of I=10.00 A. Electrical power... Problem 89P: The energy of a ripple on a pond is proportional to the amplitude squared. If the amplitude of the... Problem 90P: Consider two sinusoidal waves traveling along a string, modeled as y1(x,t)=0.3msin(4m1x+3s1t) and... Problem 91P: Consider two sinusoidal sine waves traveling along a string, modeled as y1(x,t)=0.3msin(4m1x+3s1t+3)... Problem 92P: Consider two sinusoidal sine waves traveling along a string, modeled as y1(x,t)=0.3msin(4m1x3s1t)... Problem 93P: Two sinusoidal waves are moving through a medium in the same direction, both having amplitudes of... Problem 94P: Two sinusoidal waves are moving through a medium in the positive x-direction, both having amplitudes... Problem 95P: Two sinusoidal waves are moving through a medium in the positive x-direction, both having amplitudes... Problem 96P: Consider two waves y1(x,t) and y2(x,t) that are identical except for a phase shift propagating in... Problem 97P: Two sinusoidal waves, which are identical except for a phase shift, travel along in the same... Problem 98P: Two sinusoidal waves, which are identical except for a phase shift, travel along in the same... Problem 99P: Consider two wave functions, y1(x,t)=0.40msin(m1xs1t) and y2(x,t)=0.40msin(m1xs1t+3) . (a) Using a... Problem 100P: Consider two wave functions, y2(x,t)=2.00msin(2m1x3s1t) and y2(x,t)=2.00msin(2m1x3s1t+6) . (a)... Problem 101P: Consider two wave functions that differ only by a phase shift, y1(x,t)=Acos(kxt) and... Problem 102P: A wave traveling on a Slinky® that is stretched to 4 m takes 2.4 s to travel the length of the... Problem 103P: A 2-m long string is stretched between two supports with a tension that produces a wave speed equal... Problem 104P: Consider the experimental setup shown below. The length of the string between the string vibrator... Problem 105P: A cable with a linear density of =0.2 kg/m is hung from telephone poles. The tension in the cable is... Problem 106P: Consider a rod of length L, mounted in the center to a support. A node must exist where the rod is... Problem 107P: Consider two wave functions y(x,t)=0.30cmsin(3m1x4s1t) and y(x,t)=0.30cmsin(3m1x+4s1t) . Write a... Problem 108P: A 2.40-m wire has a mass of 7.50 g and is under a tension of 160 N. The wire is held rigidly at both... Problem 109P: A string with a linear mass density of 0.0062 kg/m and a length of 3.00 m is set into the n=4 mode... Problem 110P: A string with a linear mass density of 0.0075 kg/m and a length of 6.00 m is set into the n=4 mode... Problem 111P: Two sinusoidal waves with identical wavelengths and amplitudes travel in opposite directions along a... Problem 112P: A string, fixed on both ends, is 5.00 m long and has a mass of 0.15 kg. The tension if the string is... Problem 113P: A string is fixed at both end. The mass of the string is 0.0090 kg and the length is 3.00 m. The... Problem 114P: The frequencies of two successive modes of standing waves on a string are 258.36 Hz and 301.42 Hz.... Problem 115P: A string is fixed at both ends to supports 3.50 m apart and has a linear mass density of =0.005... Problem 116P: Sine waves are sent down a 1.5-m-long string fixed at both ends. The waves reflect back in the... Problem 117AP: Ultrasound equipment used in the medical profession uses sound waves of a frequency above the range... Problem 118AP: Shown below is the plot of a wave function that models a wave at time t=0.00 s and t=2.00 s . The... Problem 119AP: The speed of light in air is approximately v=3.00108 m/s and the speed of light in glass is... Problem 120AP: A radio station broadcasts radio waves at a frequency of 101.7 MHz. The radio waves move through the... Problem 121AP: A sunbather stands waist deep in the ocean and observes that six crests of periodic surface waves... Problem 122AP: A tuning fork vibrates producing sound at a frequency of 512 Hz. The speed of sound of sound in air... Problem 123AP: A motorboat is traveling across a lake at a speed of vb=15.00 m/s. The boat bounces up and down... Problem 124AP: Use the linear wave equation to show that the wave speed of a wave modeled with the wave function... Problem 125AP: Given the wave functions y1(x,t)=Asin(kxt) and y2(x,t)=Asin(kxt+) with 2 , show that y1(x,t)+y2(x,t)... Problem 126AP: A transverse wave on a string is modeled with the wave function... Problem 127AP: A sinusoidal wave travels down a taut, horizontal string with a linear mass density of =0.060 kg/m.... Problem 128AP: A transverse wave on a string (=0.0030kg/m) is described with the equation... Problem 129AP: A transverse wave on a horizontal string (=0.0060kg/m) is described with the equation... Problem 130AP: A student holds an inexpensive sonic range finder and uses the range finder to find the distance to... Problem 131AP: A wave on a string is driven by a string vibrator, which oscillates at a frequency of 100.00 Hz and... Problem 132AP: A traveling wave on a string is modeled by the wave equation y(x,t)=0.30msin(8.00m1x+100.00s1t) .... Problem 133AP: A transverse wave on a string has a wavelength of 5.0 m, a period of 0.02 s, and an amplitude of 1.5... Problem 134AP: (a) What is the intensity of a laser beam used to burn away cancerous tissue that, when 90.0%... Problem 135AP: Consider two periodic wave functions, y1(x,t)=Asin(kxt) and y2(x,t)=Asin(kxt+) . (a) For what values... Problem 136AP: Consider two periodic wave functions, y1(x,t)=Asin(kxt) and y2(x,t)=Acos(kxt+) . (a) For what values... Problem 137AP: A trough with dimensions 10.00 meters by 0.10 meters by 0.10 meters is partially filled with water.... Problem 138AP: A seismograph records the S- and P-waves from an earthquake 20.00 s apart. If they traveled the same... Problem 139AP: Consider what is shown below. A 20.00-kg mass rests on a frictionless ramp inclined at 45° . A... Problem 140AP: Consider the superposition of three wave functions y(x,t)=3.00cmsin(2m1x3s1t) ,... Problem 141AP: A string has a mass of 150 g and a length of 3.4 m. One end of the string is fixed to a lab stand... Problem 142AP: A standing wave is produced on a string under a tension of 70.0 N by two sinusoidal transverse waves... Problem 143AP: A string with a length of 4 m is held under a constant tension. The string has a linear mass density... Problem 144CP: A copper wire has a radius of 200 µ m and a length of 5.0 m. The wire is placed under a tension of... Problem 145CP: A pulse moving along the x axis can be modeled as the wave function y(x,t)=4.00me( x+( 2.00m/s )t... Problem 146CP: A string with a linear mass density of =0.0085 kg/m is fixed at both ends. A 5.0-kg mass is hung... Problem 147CP: Consider two wave functions y1(x,t)=Asin(kxt) and y2(x,t)=Asin(kx+t+) . What is the wave function... Problem 148CP: The wave function that models a standing wave is given as... Problem 149CP: Consider two wave functions y1(x,t)=Asin(kxt) and y2(x,t)=Asin(kx+t+) . The resultant wave form when... Problem 43P: (a) Seismographs measure the arrival times of earthquakes with a precision of 0.100 s. To get the...
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Concept explainers
The speed of light is a constant in air. It is approximately 3 * 10 8 m/s. Note that the color green has a wavelength of ~ 500 nanometers. What is the frequency of green light ? Look up the wavelength of each one of your favorite colors, and find the frequency for them as well, using the same calculation as before!
Definition Definition Rate at which light travels, measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is a universal physical constant used in many areas of physics, most commonly denoted by the letter c . The value of the speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s, but for most of the calculations, the value of the speed of light is approximated as c = 3 x 10 8 m/s.
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