The tonic neck reflexes O A. disappear after transection of the lumbar spinal cord. B. occur in response to noxious stimuli. C. are mediated by the basal ganglia, brainstem and spinal cord. D. adjust limb position as a function of head position. O E. are hyperactive in ALS.
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- Which statement is correct about reflexes? a. The patellar reflex tests the S1–S3 spinal nerve segments. b. A hypoactive reflex may indicate damage to the neuromuscular junction. c. The more hyperactive the reflex, the healthier the individual. d. A normal biceps reflex response is extension of the elbow when the biceps tendon is tapped.A person is warming their feet by a fire. Which of the following statements is TRUE? O A. The medial section of the post-central gyrus will be active. B. The lateral section of the pre-central gyrus will be active. OC. There will be an increase in frequency of action potentials along the medial lemniscal system. D. There will be decreased frequency of action potentials along the spinothalamic tract.Sympathetic stimulation to lung tissue A. Causes activation of beta2 receptors which contract smooth muscles of airways. B. Causes activation of beta1 receptors which relax smooth muscles of airways C. Causes activation of beta2 receptors which relax smooth muscles of airways. D. Causes activation of beta1 receptors which contract smooth muscles of airways
- The thoracic spinal cord has the smallest dorsal horn area because: a. the trunk is the most innervated area of the body and therefore there are more projections into the dorsal horn there. b. the trunk is the least innervated area of the body and therefore there are fewer projections into the dorsal horn there. c. most of the descending upper motor neurons have already entered the ventral horn. d. There are many motor neurons to control the small muscles around the spine.Damage to the surface tissue of the spinal cord will most likely affecta. information processing within the spinal cord.b. the stimulation of sensory organs.c. communication between the peripheral nervous system and the brain.d. reflex arcs.Match the brain injury to the appropriate change in function. Use Figure 20.19 to locate the area injured. a. cessation of breathing b. loss of equilibrium c. loss of use of left arm d. loss of vision e. loss of pain localization in the shoulder ________ 16. The effect of a blow to the back of the head that damages this area. ________ 17. The effect of alcohol on this area. ________ 18. The effect of a head injury (i.e., from diving into a pool) that forces the dens into this area. ________ 19. The effect of a stroke that damages this area. ________ 20. The effect of a stroke that damages this area.
- All of the following are true concerning reflex arcs EXCEPT A.they involve a few neurons and directly enter and immediately leave the spinal cord B.they are used to prevent harm C.they are subconscious and automatic D.they only use the PNS and not the CNSWhich of the following responses s not part of the fight-or-flight response? a. pupil dilation b. increased oxygen supply to the lungs c. suppressed digestion d. reduced mental activityWhat is the direct effect (prior to any reflex compensation) of administeringintravenously a selective beta 1 receptor agonist?A)Increased heart rate, stroke volume and total peripheral resistance.B)Increased total peripheral resistance and renin secretion.C)Increased heart rate and stroke volume.D) Increased total peripheral resistance and decreased renin secretion.E) Decreased renin secretion, total peripheral resistance and heart rate.
- List the names and functions of the three neurons involved in a reflex arc (e.g. a spinal reflex) and briefly describe an advantage of coordinating responses with a spinal reflex (instead of with the brain).Which of these events occurs when a person steps on a tack with theright foot?a. The right foot is pulled away from the tack because of the Golgitendon reflex.b. The left leg is extended to support the body because of the stretchreflex.c. The flexor muscles of the right thigh contract, and the extensormuscles of the right thigh relax because of reciprocal innervation.d. Extensor muscles contract in both thighs because of the crossedextensor reflexThe cerebellum controls performance of rapid movements by :-a- directly stimulating AHCs of the acting musclesb- by storing pre-planed motor programs for these movementsc- by rapidly receiving proprioceptive information from the acting musclesd- by inhibiting antagonistic muscles
