Theorem 7.21. IfX is normal and f : X → Y is continuous, surjective, and closed, then Y is normal.

Elements Of Modern Algebra
8th Edition
ISBN:9781285463230
Author:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie
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Chapter1: Fundamentals
Section1.7: Relations
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How do I show 7.21? Could you explain this in great detail? Thank you!

Definition. Let X and Y be topological spaces. A function or map f : X → Y is a
continuous function or continuous map if and only if for every open set U in Y,
f-'(U) is open in X.
Definition. Let f : X
let x e X. Then f is continuous at the point x if and only if for every open set
V containing f(x), there is an open set U containing x such that f(U) c V. Thus a
function f : X
→ Y be a function between topological spaces X and Y, and
→ Y is continuous if and only if it is continuous at each point.
Definition. A function f : X → Y is closed if and only if for every closed set A in X,
f(A) is closed in Y. A function f : X
in X, f(U) is open in Y.
→ Y is open if and only if for every open set U
Theorem 7.21. IfX is normal and f : X
Y is normal.
→ Y is continuous, surjective, and closed, then
Theorem 7.24. Let X be compact, and let Y be Hausdorff. Then any continuous function
f :X → Y is closed.
Transcribed Image Text:Definition. Let X and Y be topological spaces. A function or map f : X → Y is a continuous function or continuous map if and only if for every open set U in Y, f-'(U) is open in X. Definition. Let f : X let x e X. Then f is continuous at the point x if and only if for every open set V containing f(x), there is an open set U containing x such that f(U) c V. Thus a function f : X → Y be a function between topological spaces X and Y, and → Y is continuous if and only if it is continuous at each point. Definition. A function f : X → Y is closed if and only if for every closed set A in X, f(A) is closed in Y. A function f : X in X, f(U) is open in Y. → Y is open if and only if for every open set U Theorem 7.21. IfX is normal and f : X Y is normal. → Y is continuous, surjective, and closed, then Theorem 7.24. Let X be compact, and let Y be Hausdorff. Then any continuous function f :X → Y is closed.
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