There are two main groups of bats: Smaller “microbats” navigate by using sonar, and larger “megabats” rely on vision. Mammalogists once though that both kinds of bats evolve from insectivorous mammals. But similarities between the visual systems of megabats and primates have led some researchers to think

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter18: Introduction To Darwinian Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16TYU: INTERPRET DATA Which of the primates in Figure 18-18 is the most distantly related to humans?...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Traditionally morphological features are used to construct phylogenic trees of related species. In…

A: Evolution is a continuous process and we are still evolving. Evolution is nothing but adapting to…

Q: This phylogenetic tree shows that: All of these Elephants evolved from hyraxes. Tapirs are the…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatic representation that shows an evolutionary relationship between…

Q: rovide two examples from invertebrates of such ‘reverse evolution’ from a derived state (specialized…

A: We often think about evolution in terms of a progressive change but it is not completely true. There…

Q: Select all the possible evidence that can be use to support the Theory of evolution 1. Fossil…

A: The process of organisms changing over time is known as evolution.

Q: Outline the evolution of humans from early primates.Include in your discussion such features as…

A: BASIC INFORMATION EVOLUTION The theory of evolution was first given by the Jean Baptist de Lamark.…

Q: Regarding the evolution of the mammalian inner ear, the above diagram shows: A) the co-option of jaw…

A: Introduction: The mammalian ear ossicles were an evolutionary phenomenon. Where the skull bones are…

Q: A review of the phylogenetic tree shows a common ancestor for these vertebrates. Which statement…

A: Phylogenetic tree of vertebrates showing common ancestor.

Q: Which of the following pairs are the best examples of homologous structures? owl wing and hornet…

A: Homologous structures are structures that are similar and are seen in related organisms. The…

Q: Most animals show derived characteristics (character states) that differentiate them from their…

A: Evolution refers to the change in the species characteristics over several generations. Evolution…

Q: Bipedalism has many selective advantages. However, there is one disadvantage to walking on two feet:…

A: The human birth canal is narrower and more tube-like. Due to bipedalism, human mothers have thinner…

Q: Watch the original 1968 movie Planet of the Apes. Document as many scientiﬁc problems with the movie…

A: Scientific problems with the movie Planet of the Apes Note:- Planet of the Apes certainly can be…

Q: When Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands, he observed the marine iguana. He later decided…

A: Speciation is a term which describes the process in which new species forms from the existing…

Q: Some human traits may have arisen by sexual selection. Over thousands of years, women attracted to…

A: Because of sexual choice there is an unmistakable distinction which has come out among males and…

Q: Is the inability to make vitamin C likely a homologous or analogous trait for humans and orangutans…

A: Introduction : Primates are the mammals having placenta and they are divided into two groups-…

Q: Changes in the traits of the fossils studied are consistent with what is expected to be favored by…

A: Horses are generally thought of as grazers (animals that eat grass) as opposed to browsers (animals…

Q: Which of the following data sets is the one that scientists had to evaluate carefully since it made…

A: Introduction According to the principle of maximum parsimony, the preferred tree is the one that…

Q: One of the most persistent myths concerns the relationship of humans to great apes. Based from your…

A: Humans show great genetic similarity with apes. Some data reveal that 1.2% of DNA difference between…

Q: The nonfunctional pelvis and hind limbs found in some snakes support which statement about…

Q: A cladogram shows the evolutionary relationship between humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. The…

A: Multiple sequence alignment tools of Bioinformatics are majorly used in modern times to find out…

Q: When Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands, he observed the marine iguana. He later decided…

A: Need to find how and why iguanas differs - marine and terrestrial.

Q: Choose the answer that accurately describes the olfactory abilities of fish and mammals. O Fish and…

A: *Olfaction the ability to smell is essential for survival in most vertebrates. *This Olfaction is…

Q: Mammals have a particularly good sense of earing thanks to their inner ear which includes three tiny…

A: Introduction Evolution is the process of a species' features changing over numerous generations…

Q: Which of the following best explains the morphological similarities between these two species?…

A: The morphological similarities between these two species is that the species evolved independently…

Q: Which of the following represent functions of the anatomical modifications toward more efficient…

A: Hi, Thanks For Your Question. Answer : Correct Option Is Encephalization.

Q: The oldest known fossils of turtles look just like living turtles. The relationship between turtles…

A: Fossils are dead plants and animals that have been preserved in sedimentary rock or other crust…

Q: Which of the following is a correct statement about the evolutionary relationships among…

A: Answer: VERTEBRATES = These are the animals who has spinal cord surrounded by cartilage and bones,…

Q: How does the presence of gill slits in all vertebrate embryos support the theory of descent from a…

A: Gill slits are any of the openings or clefts between the gill arches in aquatic vertebrates that…

Q: Because of selective forces, the dinosaurs were superbly adapted to their environments. After the…

A: When a species goes extinct, it loses all of its genetic legacies. In order to adapt to…

Q: you are a scientist studying the evolution of animals, what is the best approach you can use for…

A: Evolution, a change in the genetic makeup of a subgroup, or population, of a species . Every living…

Q: Four Caribbean islands with similar environmental conditions have three different species of anole…

A: A niche is the role an organism has in an ecological community - its interaction with abiotic and…

Q: Below is a phylogenetic tree of primates. Bush babies, lemurs, pottos Tarsiers Monkeys Gibbons…

A: In phylogenetic tree :- Taxon is identified on the basis of :- A ) Monophyletic B ) Polyphyletic C )…

Q: Gould wrote his passage as a criticism of his fellow evolutionary biologists. Of the following…

A: The eye is the sense organ of sight. Many researchers have been investing into learning about the…

Q: Morphology - Comparative Anatomy More evidence for evolution is offered by comparing the anatomy, or…

A: Evolution is defined as the change in the heritable characteristics of a particular species over…

Q: How could morphological data alone lead biologists to group animals into erroneous evolutionary…

A: Evolutionary trees can be used to depict ancestor species and their descendants' evolutionary…

Q: Radiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen…

A: Human evolution is defined as "the process by which humans evolved on Earth from now-extinct apes."…

Q: Pakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and…

A: EVOLUTION Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and…

Q: Radiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen…

A: Osteology is a branch of anatomy that deals with the study of bones. The body skeleton is divided…

Q: Scientists often use a cladogram such as the one below to illustrate evolutionary relationships.…

A: Mammals and Reptiles diverged in the carboniferous period which occured aprroximately 325 million…

Q: If mutations such as those of the Ubx gene

A: Ubx or ultrabithorax gene is a homeobox gene which is involved in the morphogenesis or the wing…

Q: Historically, whales and hippos have been classified in different orders: Cetacea and Artiodactyla,…

A: An evolutionary tree that depicts species' ancestral relationships is known as a cladogram. A…

Q: Evidence for biocultural evolution during the Upper Pleistocene may exist in the form of…

A: Introduction :- Evolution is the phenomenon which leads to the creation of new species from the…

Q: Pakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and…

A: Evolution is the process of change in the organism over the time. This starts from the early day…

Q: A study inferred a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on sequence data from a specific gene.…

A: :-Controversies remain over the relationships among several of the marsupial families and between…

Q: Radiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen…

A: Introduction Osteology is a branch of anatomy that deals with the study of bones. The body skeleton…

Q: Which of the following best describes the evolution of smell in chordates? A) Ancestrally,…

A: Olfactory sense is one of the oldest senses that helps the organisms to identify food, mating…

Q: Why is the Fayum depression in Egypt such an important site for understanding the origin and…

A: Anthropoid primates mainly includes the apes; humans ; monkeys.Some of the feature shared by the…

Q: A few other mammal taxa, including fruit bats, also lack the ability to make vitamin C. Is the…

A: A trait or character is said to be homologous between two species if these species shared a common…

Q: This is a potential phylogenetic tree created by anthropologists at UC Berkeley. A-Ardipithecus…

A: Phylogenetic tree: - it is a diagram that helps to represent the evolutionary relationships among…

Concept explainers

Primate evolution

Primates are a relatively new species and first appeared in the fossil record nearly 55 million years ago. They may have originated as far back as the cretaceous period. Their fossils were observed in North America, Asia, and Europe. Long before the first monkeys and their prosimian relatives developed, most animal species thrived and died. The first primates did not exist until about 50-55 million years ago, even though the planet is 4.54 billion years old and the first life goes back at least 3.5 billion years. Dinosaurs had been extinct for 10 to 15 million years when this happened.

Question

There are two main groups of bats: Smaller “microbats” navigate by using sonar, and larger “megabats” rely on vision. Mammalogists once though that both kinds of bats evolve from insectivorous mammals. But similarities between the visual systems of megabats and primates have led some researchers to think that megabats may have evolve from primates, perhaps lemurs. What results would support the hypothesis that the two groups of bats have a common origin? Separate origins?

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

Which of the following best describes the evolution of smell in chordates? A) Ancestrally, jawless fish had few ancestral scent genes that coded for receptors resembling a combination of water and air receptors. Subsequently these genes were duplicated and specialized through natural selection either for use in water or air. B) Ancestrally, all olfactory receptors where specialized for water as the ancestor of all vertebrates was aquatic. Only once did olfactory genes become duplicated and specialized and this was in the transition to land for receptors that work in air. C) All chordates share the same number of scent receptor genes. However, they have become variously deactivated through natural selection due to either unuse or a tradeoff for sight genes. D) None of the above.
The two primates shown below both exhibit large eye orbits. One is a tarsier, the other is an owl monkey (the only nocturnal platyrrhine). Why do these primates share the trait for large eyes? Mark the best answer. Group of answer choices Random mutations, since having large eyes is abnormal in these species of primate. Convergent evolution, since both separately evolved large eyes to adapt to a nocturnal activity pattern. Both inherited this trait from their common ancestor, which was also nocturnal with large eyes. Unclear, cannot determine from the information given.
Pakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and nostrils on the front of its skull. Modern whales have a similar ear structure, but their nostrils are on the back of their skull. Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, had the same ear structure as both Pakicetus and modern whales, but nostrils in the middle of its skull. According to this information, the most likely conclusion that biologists could draw about the relationship of Aetiocetus to the other organisms is that Aetiocetus...
1. There are two main groups of bats: Smaller “microbats” navigate by using sonar, and larger “megabats” rely on vision. Mammalogists once thought that both kinds of bats evolve from insectivorous mammals. But similarities between the visual systems of megabats and primates have led some researchers to think that megabats may have evolved from primates, perhaps lemurs. What results would support the hypothesis that the two groups of bats have a common origin? Separate origins?
Humans in the 21st century use their thumbs extensively to operate touchscreens on cellphones. Imagine a scenario, where the human population evolves to have more dexterous thumbs over the next 300 years. Which of the following is a Lamarckian explanation for this evolutionary change (and, therefore, would an incorrect evolutionary mechanism?) humans that develop more dexterity in their thumb over their lifetime due to frequent use of cellphones pass that ability to their children humans that were born with a mutation for more dexterous thumbs have more children thumb dexterity is a dominant trait
Mammals have a particularly good sense of earing thanks to their inner ear which includes three tiny bones. Reptiles, in contrast, have a single inner ear bone. The lower jaw of reptiles is composed of multiple bones while the lower jaw of mammals is a single bone. Fossil and developmental evidence indicate that the inner ear bones of mammals evolved from lower jawbones. This suggests that the inner ear bones of mammals are 1. an analogy 2. an exaptation 3. a living fossil 4. a transitional trait 5. a vestigial structure
INTERPRET DATA Which of the primates in Figure 18-18 is the most distantly related to humans? Explain your answer. Figure 18-18 Differences in DNA nucleotide sequences as evidence of evolutionary relationships Comparing the same gene in different organisms provides a window into evolution. Here the differences in the non-protein-coding region of the -globin gene are compared between humans and other primates. Evolutionary biologists are rapidly expanding such studies from comparing one or several genes to comparing entire genomes.
Most animals show derived characteristics (character states) that differentiate them from their common ancestor (ancestral character state). However, evolution can also move in reverse, involving the change of a derived character state back to an ancestral state. Provide two examples from invertebrates of such ‘reverse evolution’ from a derived state (specialized state) back to a more ancestral character state. Make sure to use examples provided in this class. Provide two examples from invertebrates of such ‘reverse evolution’ from a derived state (specialized state) back to a more ancestral character state. Make sure to use examples provided in this class.
Regarding the evolution of the mammalian inner ear, the above diagram shows:A) the co-option of jaw bones (colored) for use in hearingB) the loss of jaw bones (colored) and the origin of de-novo hearing bones C) the evolution of synapsids, which have little to do with mammalian evolutionD) the results of a population bottleneck which led to the fixation of odd alleles for ear development
The images below exhibit Y-5 molars. The left comes from a chimpanzee and the other is a zoomed-in image of Y-5 molars in a human. Why do these primates share the trait for Y-5 molars? Mark the best answer. Group of answer choices Unclear, cannot determine from the information given. Both inherited this trait from their common ancestor, which also had Y-5 molars. Convergent evolution, since both separately evolved Y-5 molars to adapt to dietary pressures. Random mutations, since having Y-5 molars is abnormal in these species of primate.
Based on their anatomical and behavioral differences, biologists previously placed humans and chimpanzees in different families, but now DNA sequence data suggest that they are closely related and should be placed in the same family. What are some advantages of using DNA sequences to decide how to classify organisms? What might be some disadvantages?
Sugar gliders and Northern flying squirrels are mammals that have many morphological similarities despite being genetically different. Both are nocturnal and have large eyes to help them see in the dark. Both live in trees and have flaps of skin connecting their front and back legs, and when their front and back legs are extended, the flaps allow the animals to glide from one tree branch to another. Sugar gliders are native to Australia, and Northern flying squirrels are native to North America. Which of the following best explains the morphological similarities between these two species? a.The similarities in traits indicate the species are the result of divergent evolution from a common ancestor that had the same traits that these two species share. b.The two species evolved as the result of two separate bottleneck events that reduced the existing populations to a few individuals who happened to have the same traits. c.The…