Humans in the 21st century use their thumbs extensively to operate touchscreens on cellphones. Imagine a scenario, where the human population evolves to have more dexterous thumbs over the next 300 years. Which of the following is a Lamarckian explanation for this evolutionary change (and, therefore, would an incorrect evolutionary mechanism?) humans that develop more dexterity in their thumb over their lifetime due to frequent use of cellphones pass that ability to their children humans that were born with a mutation for more dexterous thumbs have more children thumb dexterity is a dominant trait

Humans in the 21st century use their thumbs extensively to operate touchscreens on cellphones. Imagine a scenario, where the human population evolves to have more dexterous thumbs over the next 300 years. Which of the following is a Lamarckian explanation for this evolutionary change (and, therefore, would an incorrect evolutionary mechanism?) humans that develop more dexterity in their thumb over their lifetime due to frequent use of cellphones pass that ability to their children humans that were born with a mutation for more dexterous thumbs have more children thumb dexterity is a dominant trait

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter18: Introduction To Darwinian Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16TYU: INTERPRET DATA Which of the primates in Figure 18-18 is the most distantly related to humans?...

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The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones in whales have very different shapes and proportions. However, genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms diverged from a common ancestor at about the same time. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these data? Group of answer choices Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, but not in whales. Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale forelimb anatomy. Humans and bats evolved by natural selection, and whales evolved by Lamarckian mechanisms. Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.
The two primates shown below both exhibit large eye orbits. One is a tarsier, the other is an owl monkey (the only nocturnal platyrrhine). Why do these primates share the trait for large eyes? Mark the best answer. Group of answer choices Random mutations, since having large eyes is abnormal in these species of primate. Convergent evolution, since both separately evolved large eyes to adapt to a nocturnal activity pattern. Both inherited this trait from their common ancestor, which was also nocturnal with large eyes. Unclear, cannot determine from the information given.
How might an evolutionary biologist explain why a species of salamander becomes blind after colonizing a cave? Group of answer choices Members of the ancestral population that colonized the cave differed in their ability to see. If maintaining the ability to see in the cave was a waste of energy, blind salamanders might actually have more offspring than those who could see. It is possible that in the cave there is a source of pollution that increases the mutation rate for a gene that makes salamanders blind. Over time, due to exposure to this chemical, the membersof the population lose their sight. There is no way to explain this in terms of natural selection. The members of this salamander species no longer needed to use their eyes. Over time, due to lack of use, they lost the ability to see.
Which of the following best describes the evolution of smell in chordates? A) Ancestrally, jawless fish had few ancestral scent genes that coded for receptors resembling a combination of water and air receptors. Subsequently these genes were duplicated and specialized through natural selection either for use in water or air. B) Ancestrally, all olfactory receptors where specialized for water as the ancestor of all vertebrates was aquatic. Only once did olfactory genes become duplicated and specialized and this was in the transition to land for receptors that work in air. C) All chordates share the same number of scent receptor genes. However, they have become variously deactivated through natural selection due to either unuse or a tradeoff for sight genes. D) None of the above.
While the French biologist LaMarck was correct in proposing that evolution does occur, he believed that the long necks of giraffes evolved as generations of giraffes reached for ever higher leaves on the trees. Using these observations, LaMarck proposed the theory that evolution occurs due to the inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime. From what you know about the scientific method, why is this incorrect?
According to Lamarck’s theory of evolution, organisms change during their lifetime to survive then pass these changes to their offspring. What supports the hypothesis of Lamarck? a. Webbed toes of ducks to quickly move through the water, retractile claws of carnivorous mammals to catch the prey, millipede producing awful smell for self-defense and evolution of short-necked to long-necked giraffe b. Evolution of short-necked to long-necked giraffe, webbed toes of ducks to quickly move through the water, disappearance of limbs in snakes and retractile claws of carnivorous mammals to catch the prey c. Rattlesnake producing venom against predators, jellyfish bioluminescence for intraspecific communication chameleons camouflage to hide from predators and millipede producing awful smell for self-defense d. Disappearance of limbs in snakes, chameleons camouflage to hide from predators, evolution of short-necked to long-necked giraffe and rattlesnake…
The images below exhibit Y-5 molars. The left comes from a chimpanzee and the other is a zoomed-in image of Y-5 molars in a human. Why do these primates share the trait for Y-5 molars? Mark the best answer. Group of answer choices Unclear, cannot determine from the information given. Both inherited this trait from their common ancestor, which also had Y-5 molars. Convergent evolution, since both separately evolved Y-5 molars to adapt to dietary pressures. Random mutations, since having Y-5 molars is abnormal in these species of primate.
Which of the following animals may have been the second pet domesticated by humans, in Egypt or in Turkey (about 10,000 BCE), and probably helped to keep rodents away from cereal crops like wheat? the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) the gray wolf (Canis lupus) the domesticated cat (Felis catus) the coyote (Canis latrans) the Norwegian rat (Rattus norvegicus) The above domesticated animal is thought to have evolved from which of the following species? the African wildcat the house sparrow the gray wolf the mouse the rat
DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. Which of the following statements is the explanation for this result? Group of answer choices Convergent evolution led to the DNA similarities. Humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor. Humans evolved from chimpanzees. Chimpanzees evolved from humans.
Scientists have long believed that the 14 species of finches on the Galapagos Islands evolved from a single species of finch that migrated to the islands one to five million years ago. Recent DNA analyses support the conclusion that all of the Galapagos finches evolved from the mainland warbler finch. Different species live on different islands. One of the major changes in the finches is in their beak sizes and shapes. How would an evolutionary biologist today best answer the following question? How did the different beak types first arise in the Galapagos finches? A. Changes in the finches' beaks occurred by chance, and when there was a good match between beak structures and available food, those birds had more offspring. B. The changes in the finches' beaks occurred because the environment induced the desired genetic changes. C. The finches' beaks changed a little bit in size and shape with each successive generation, some getting larger and some getting…
. The images below show two separate theories of how organisms evolve. Which question below directly corresponds to whether Lamarck or Darwin are correct about their theories of the mechanisms of evolution? Why don’t the shorter neck giraffes feed on grasses and lower vegetation? How would the shorter necked giraffes in Lamarck’s theory survive to reproduce and pass on the “need” for longer necks if they were unable to reach food? Why won’t the taller necked giraffes in Darwin’s theory provide assistance to the shorter giraffes since they are the same species? Will the smaller giraffes be more adapted to hide from predators since they wouldn’t be visible from greater distances?
It has taken millions of years for the ancestors of whales to change into what we know today, as indicated in the diagram below. Based on your knowledge of evolution, which of the following is a reasonable explanation of why the organisms in the diagram changed over 25 million years? Question options: As the environment changed the food sources became more difficult to obtain so characteristics that allowed the organisms to hunt in an aquatic environment became more advantageous. As the environment changed the temperature became too hot and the organisms began to move to a more aquatic environment to keep cool. As the environment changed the food sources became more difficult to obtain so the organisms decided to change their characteristics to ones that would be beneficial when hunting in an aquatic environment. As the environment changed the predators on land became better adapted to hunting the whales ancestors forcing them to live in more aquatic…

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		humans that develop more dexterity in their thumb over their lifetime due to frequent use of cellphones pass that ability to their children
		humans that were born with a mutation for more dexterous thumbs have more children
		thumb dexterity is a dominant trait