There exists a staircase with N steps, and you can climb up either 1 or 2 steps at a time. Given N, write a function that returns the number of unique ways you can climb the staircase. The order of the steps matters. For example, if N is 4, then there are 5 unique ways:
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- (Numerical) a. The following is an extremely useful programming algorithm for rounding a real number to n decimal places: Step 1: Multiply the number by 10n Step 2: Add 0.5 Step 3: Delete the fractional part of the result Step 4: Divide by 10n For example, using this algorithm to round the number 78.374625 to three decimal places yields: Step1:78.374625103=78374.625 Step2:78374.625+0.5=78375.125 Step3:Retainingtheintegerpart=78375Step4:78375dividedby103=78.375 Using this algorithm, write a C++ function that accepts a user-entered value and returns the result rounded to two decimal places. b. Enter, compile, and run the program written for Exercise 11a.(Numerical) Write a program that tests the effectiveness of the rand() library function. Start by initializing 10 counters to 0, and then generate a large number of pseudorandom integers between 0 and 9. Each time a 0 occurs, increment the variable you have designated as the zero counter; when a 1 occurs, increment the counter variable that’s keeping count of the 1s that occur; and so on. Finally, display the number of 0s, 1s, 2s, and so on that occurred and the percentage of the time they occurred.Sum of two squares def sum_of_two_squares(n): Some positive integers can be expressed as a sum of two squares of some positive integers greater than zero. For example, 74 = 49 + 25 = 72 + 52. This function should find and return a tuple of two positive integers whose squares together add up to n, or return None if the parameter n cannot be broken into a sum of two squares. To facilitate the automated testing, the returned tuple must present the larger of its two numbers first. Furthermore, if some integer can be broken down to a sum of squares in several ways, return the breakdown that maximizes the larger number. For example, the number 85 allows two such representations 72 + 62 and 92 + 22 , of which this function must return (9, 2). The technique of two approaching indices that start from the beginning and end of a sequence, respectively, and approach each other until they meet somewhere, used in the function two_summers in one of our class examples, is directly applicable to this…
- 3. Find Relatively Prime Write a function to return a number that is relatively prime with the given number. /* return an integer that is relatively prime with n, and greater than 1i.e., the gcd of the returned int and n is 1 Note: Although gcd(n,n-1)=1, we don't want to return n-1*/int RelativelyPrime (int n) 4. Find Inverse Then implement the following function, which returns the inverse modulo, and test it.Note that you need to check whether a and n are relative prime before calling thisfunction. Recall that a and n are relatively prime means that gcd(a,n)=1, i.e., theirgreatest common divisor is 1. Also recall that the extended Euclidean Algorithm canfind the integer s and t for a and n such that as+nt=gcd(a,n), where s is the inverseof a modulo n. /* n>1, a is nonnegative *//* a<=n *//* a and n are relative prime to each other *//* return s such that a*s mod n is 1 */int inverse (int a, int n){int s, t;int d = ExtednedEuclidAlgGCD (n, a, s, t);if (d==1){return (mod (t,…please code in python Find the Error The following function takes in a positive integer and returns True if the integer is divisible by at least one integer between 2 and 7, inclusive, or False otherwise. Or at least, that’s what it’s supposed to do; there is a logic error that causes it to fail (for example, it should return True when passed in 15, but it returns False instead). Find the error and fix it. If you’re working in a pair, make sure that both of you are able to explain the error to your TA. Hints: As with most logic errors, the first thing you should do is put in print statements. Print out what i is at each step of the loop. At what point can you safely return False (that is, how many values of i do you have to check before you can be sure num isn't divisible by any of them)? def div27(num): for i in range(2,8): if num % i == 0: return True else: return FalseProgramming Language : R programming (R Studio) A twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term twin prime isused for a pair of twin primes. For example, the five twin prime pairs are (3, 5), (5, 7),(11, 13), (17, 19) and (29, 31). Write a function that returns the number of all twin primepairs between 1 and a given number n.
- 2. Modular arithmetic Write a function that returns the result of any integer modulo of n (i.e., reduce theinteger modulo n). Note that the C++ operator % can be used, but it returns a negativevalue, for example, -1 % 3 yields -1, so we need to do something adjustment (recallthat -1 mod 3 = 2 because -1= (-1)×3+2). Therefore, we will use the mod() functionfrom this step to implement the later encode() and decode() functions. /* precondition: n is greater than 1,a can be negativepostcondition: return a mod n (as defined in class)a mod n = r if and only if a = nk+r, 0 =< r < n (note thatr needs to be non-negative).*/int mod (int a, int n); -Please write in c++3. Find Relatively PrimeWrite a function to return a number that is relatively prime with the given number. /* return an integer that is relatively prime with n, and greater than 1i.e., the gcd of the returned int and n is 1 Note: Although gcd(n,n-1)=1, we don't want to return n-1*/int RelativelyPrime (int n)6.14 Lab: Reversing an Integer. In this problem, your task is to complete the reverseNumber(num) function. The input of the function is an integer number num. The function should return a number where all the digits are reversed from the original number. You can assume that the input will be a non-negative integer. Example 1: If the input is: 123 The output is: 321 Example 2: If the input is: 321 The output is: 123 Example 3: If the input is: 1000 The output is: 1 Brainstorming. Oftentimes, a problem as formulated can be made easier when you change the way the data is represented. In this case, this problem can be solved in a clever way using strings. If you first convert the number into a string, you can then reverse the string and convert the number back to an integer. def reverseNumberUsingString(num): numInStringFormat = str(num) #converts the number into a string reversedNumberInStringFormat = numInStringFormat[::-1] #reverses the string reversedNumber =…
- Transcribed Image Text About initial programming in python: Consider the series: 8. 1)" 1 = 1- 3 1 1 1 2n | 1 n=0 whose sum converges ton/4 That is: П lim s, = a) Write a function that, given n, calculates the sum of the series up to term n. b) Write a function that calculates the sum of the series with an error of less than O.01, that is, calculate the sum of the series series such that |Sn-N/4| < O. 01. Your function must also return the number of terms necessary to reach this error, that is, your function will return a tuple with the two calculated values. Important: It is mandatory to use the function defined in the previous item. Hint: math.fabs(number) returns the absolute value (module) of a number.(Single Digit) Complete the definition of the following function:singleDigit :: Int -> Int singleDigit takes a positive integer, num, as input and returns a digit between 0 and 9 as the output. The output is computed as follows: sum all the digits in num to obtain a result; if this result is less than 10 then result is the answer; otherwise take the result and apply the same procedure (i.e. sum its digits and compute a result, and so on). Here is a sample run:*Main> singleDigit 37425 3 *Main> singleDigit 9876543 6 Here is how the above answers are computed by hand:singleDigit 37425 => 3+7+4+2+5 = 21 => 2+1 = 3 singleDigit 9876543 => 9+8+7+6+5+4+3 = 42 => 4+2 = 6(Time in Seconds) Write a function that takes the time as three integer arguments (forhours, minutes, and seconds) and returns the number of seconds since the last time the clock “struck12.” Use this function to calculate the amount of time in seconds between two times, both of whichare within one 12-hour cycle of the clock