Using DIRECT evidence from the text, provide a biological explanation for why pest companies should limit the production of sugary baits in order to control cockroaches.USE THE TERMS: behavioral resistance, glucose, taste budsTHIS IS NOT ESSAY OR WRITING HELP!! Yikes! Cockroaches Evolved to Avoid Sugary BaitsIn the ongoing battle between humans and cockroaches, the insects have a leg up. A new study finds that roaches evolvedtheir taste buds to make sweet insecticide baits taste bitter. As a result, the roaches avoid the baits and thrive, to the frustration ofhomeowners everywhere. Plenty of insects evolve resistance to pesticides; they gain the ability to break down poisons withoutdying. German cockroaches, on the other hand, evolved what's known as a behavioral resistance to baits. They simply stoppedeating them. "Our paper is the first to show the sensory mechanism that underlies that behavioral resistance," said study researcherCoby Schal, an entomologist at North Carolina State University. The answer, Schal and his colleagues found, is in the taste buds.German cockroaches are the small, scuttling roaches frequently seen in human habitats, including homes and restaurants.They grow to be about a half-inch (1.27 centimeters) long and are omnivorous, scavenging everything from grease to starch."They'll eat pretty much anything in the kitchen, but they are incredibly good at eating things that are adaptive to them," Schal toldLiveScience. "They are really amazingly good at learning to associate smells with specific tastes." Beginning in the 1980s, many pestcontrol companies switched from using spray insecticides to control cockroaches to using baits. The baits combine sugars withinsecticide so that roaches eat them, thinking they are sugary snacks, return to their nests and die. Ideally, the other cockroaches inthe nest then cannibalize their dead relative, getting a dose of the poison, too. This worked beautifully – for a while. But in 1993, NCState entomologist Jules Silverman noticed that several populations of German cockroaches around the world were thriving in spiteof the baits. The roaches were refusing to eat the glucose, or sugar, that was supposed to make the bait appealing. Pest controlcompanies switched up the sugars in their baits to keep them working, and for years, no one knew how the roaches haddeveloped their glucose aversion.Now, Schal, Silverman and NC State postdoctoral researcher Ayako Wada-Katsumata have the answer. The first question,Schal said, was whether there was a change in the brains or the sensory systems of the glucose-averse roaches. To find out,Wada-Katsumata conducted a delicate procedure in which she sedated roaches with ice, immobilized them and attachedelectrodes to the taste hairs on the cockroach mouthparts. These taste hairs act like taste buds on the human tongue, detectingchemical signals and sending them to the insect's central nervous system. In normal roaches, some of the cells in the taste hairsrespond to bitter tastes and others to sweet tastes. In roaches that avoided glucose, however, there was one change. "The systemwas perfectly normal, except for the fact that glucose was being recognized not only by the sweet-responding cell, but also by thebitter-responding cell," Schal said. In other words, the glucose-averse roaches tasted sweet things as bitter and thus avoided them.Even cockroaches have standards, it seems.Roaches could have evolved this response simply because people started poisoning them with sweet baits, Schal said. It'salso possible that the trait goes way back in cockroaches' 350-million-year history. Some plants produce toxic bittersweetcompounds that roaches would have needed to avoid before humans came around. Once humans started building dwellingsand roaches moved in, they may have lost this sugar-avoidance ability in order to snack on humans' leftovers. When peoplestarted developing sugary baits, the preadapted anti-sugar trait may have re-emerged, Schal said. Either way, Schal said, thefinding has implications for pest control. The industry has replaced glucose in baits with another sugar, fructose, but evidencealready suggests that roaches are evolving to avoid fructose, too, he said. The industry needs to vary baits frequently and makemultiple types at once to stay a step ahead of the roaches, he said. "If you put out a little dab of bait and see that the cockroachbounces back from it, there's no point of using that bait," Schal said.

Question

Using DIRECT evidence from the text, provide a biological explanation for why pest companies should limit the production of sugary baits in order to control cockroaches.USE THE TERMS: behavioral resistance, glucose, taste budsTHIS IS NOT ESSAY OR WRITING HELP!! Yikes! Cockroaches Evolved to Avoid Sugary BaitsIn the ongoing battle between humans and cockroaches, the insects have a leg up. A new study finds that roaches evolvedtheir taste buds to make sweet insecticide baits taste bitter. As a result, the roaches avoid the baits and thrive, to the frustration ofhomeowners everywhere. Plenty of insects evolve resistance to pesticides; they gain the ability to break down poisons withoutdying. German cockroaches, on the other hand, evolved what's known as a behavioral resistance to baits. They simply stoppedeating them. &#34;Our paper is the first to show the sensory mechanism that underlies that behavioral resistance,&#34; said study researcherCoby Schal, an entomologist at North Carolina State University. The answer, Schal and his colleagues found, is in the taste buds.German cockroaches are the small, scuttling roaches frequently seen in human habitats, including homes and restaurants.They grow to be about a half-inch (1.27 centimeters) long and are omnivorous, scavenging everything from grease to starch.&#34;They'll eat pretty much anything in the kitchen, but they are incredibly good at eating things that are adaptive to them,&#34; Schal toldLiveScience. &#34;They are really amazingly good at learning to associate smells with specific tastes.&#34; Beginning in the 1980s, many pestcontrol companies switched from using spray insecticides to control cockroaches to using baits. The baits combine sugars withinsecticide so that roaches eat them, thinking they are sugary snacks, return to their nests and die. Ideally, the other cockroaches inthe nest then cannibalize their dead relative, getting a dose of the poison, too. This worked beautifully – for a while. But in 1993, NCState entomologist Jules Silverman noticed that several populations of German cockroaches around the world were thriving in spiteof the baits. The roaches were refusing to eat the glucose, or sugar, that was supposed to make the bait appealing. Pest controlcompanies switched up the sugars in their baits to keep them working, and for years, no one knew how the roaches haddeveloped their glucose aversion.Now, Schal, Silverman and NC State postdoctoral researcher Ayako Wada-Katsumata have the answer. The first question,Schal said, was whether there was a change in the brains or the sensory systems of the glucose-averse roaches. To find out,Wada-Katsumata conducted a delicate procedure in which she sedated roaches with ice, immobilized them and attachedelectrodes to the taste hairs on the cockroach mouthparts. These taste hairs act like taste buds on the human tongue, detectingchemical signals and sending them to the insect's central nervous system. In normal roaches, some of the cells in the taste hairsrespond to bitter tastes and others to sweet tastes. In roaches that avoided glucose, however, there was one change. &#34;The systemwas perfectly normal, except for the fact that glucose was being recognized not only by the sweet-responding cell, but also by thebitter-responding cell,&#34; Schal said. In other words, the glucose-averse roaches tasted sweet things as bitter and thus avoided them.Even cockroaches have standards, it seems.Roaches could have evolved this response simply because people started poisoning them with sweet baits, Schal said. It'salso possible that the trait goes way back in cockroaches' 350-million-year history. Some plants produce toxic bittersweetcompounds that roaches would have needed to avoid before humans came around. Once humans started building dwellingsand roaches moved in, they may have lost this sugar-avoidance ability in order to snack on humans' leftovers. When peoplestarted developing sugary baits, the preadapted anti-sugar trait may have re-emerged, Schal said. Either way, Schal said, thefinding has implications for pest control. The industry has replaced glucose in baits with another sugar, fructose, but evidencealready suggests that roaches are evolving to avoid fructose, too, he said. The industry needs to vary baits frequently and makemultiple types at once to stay a step ahead of the roaches, he said. &#34;If you put out a little dab of bait and see that the cockroachbounces back from it, there's no point of using that bait,&#34; Schal said.

Accepted Answer

Pesticides are substances that are intended to control bothers. The term pesticide incorporates the…